The only open dataset comparing closing costs, annual taxes, mortgage access, rental yields, and capital gains tax across 20 countries popular with foreign property buyers.
Foreign buyer closing costs range from 1% (Thailand) to 30% (Singapore with ABSD) across the 20 countries in WhereNext's 2026 property dataset — the widest spread available in any open property cost comparison
Copy with attribution:“Foreign buyer closing costs range from 1% (Thailand) to 30% (Singapore with ABSD) across the 20 countries in WhereNext's 2026 property dataset — the widest spread available in any open property cost comparison” — WhereNext, as of 2026-04-03
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Figures use non-resident framing; nationality-specific treaties not modeled.
Financing
Purpose
Scenario receipt
Best fit: Panama, Colombia and Costa Rica
Panama, Colombia and Costa Rica fit this scenario equally; Panama shown for the lowest closing-cost floor.
Panama — Ownership: Open · 2%–5% closing on $350K = $7,000–$17,500 · 50–70% LTV
The 10 best-fit markets for this scenario on a shared 0–30% axis.
0%10%20%30%
Panama
2%–5%
Colombia
3%–5%
Costa Rica
3.5%–5%
United Kingdom
4%–14%
Japan
6%–8%
Netherlands
6%–10%
Italy
7%–15%
Spain
8%–13%
Portugal
10%–12%
Germany
10%–15%
Market comparison
Rank is canonical for this scenario; markets that score equally share a rank, and sorting only changes the display order.
20 matching markets
Ownership
Annual tax
Mortgage
Rental tax
CGT
Provenance
1
≈ 176 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$7,000–$17,500 (2%–5%)
$0–$2,625
50–70% · 5%–7%
6.9%
15%
10%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
1
≈ 277 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$10,500–$17,500 (3%–5%)
$1,750–$5,600
50–70% · 8%–12%
6.5%
35%
15%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
1
≈ 184 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$12,250–$17,500 (3.5%–5%)
$875–$875
50–70% · 7%–10%
7.6%
15%
15%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
4
≈ 78 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$14,000–$49,000 (4%–14%)
$2,065–$6,160
60–75% · 4.5%–6.0%
6.2%
20%
24%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
4
≈ 64 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$21,000–$28,000 (6%–8%)
$3,500–$5,950
50–70% · 1.5%–3%
4.5%
20%
30%
Registry-verified · 2026-04-02·Researched
4
≈ 75 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$21,000–$35,000 (6%–10%)
$350–$1,050
60–80% · 3.5%–4.5%
4%
36%
36%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
7
≈ 126 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$24,500–$52,500 (7%–15%)
$1,400–$2,660
50–60% · 3%–4.5%
8%
21%
26%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
7
≈ 89 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$28,000–$45,500 (8%–13%)
$1,400–$3,850
60–70% · 2.5%–4.5%
6.2%
24%
19%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
7
≈ 82 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$35,000–$42,000 (10%–12%)
$1,050–$1,575
60–75% · 3.3%–4.5%
6.2%
25%
24%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Verified
7
≈ 98 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$35,000–$52,500 (10%–15%)
$1,050–$2,800
60–70% · 3.5%–4.5%
6.1%
25%
0%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
11
≈ 70 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Open
$24,500–$31,500 (7%–9%)
$1,750–$7,000
70–80% · 3%–4%
3.5%
37%
36%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
12
≈ 274 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$14,000–$21,000 (4%–6%)
$350–$2,100
50–70% · 8%–15%
7%
20%
0%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
13
≈ 189 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$14,000–$24,500 (4%–7%)
$350–$1,050
50–65% · 8%–12%
5.8%
25%
25%
Practitioner-checked · 2026-09-06·Researched
13
≈ 57 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$24,500–$28,000 (7%–8%)
$0–$0
50–65% · 4.5%–5.5%
6.6%
0%
0%
Registry-verified · 2026-09-06·Verified
15
≈ 97 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$24,500–$35,000 (7%–10%)
$350–$4,025
50–70% · 3.5%–5%
4.6%
15%
0%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
15
≈ 210 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$31,500–$35,000 (9%–10%)
$35–$70
60–70% · 4%–5%
5%
30%
30%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
17
≈ 169 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$7,000–$10,500 (2%–3%)
$35–$175
—
10%
10%
2.5%
Practitioner-checked · 2026-09-06·Researched
17
≈ 332 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$7,000–$17,500 (2%–5%)
$0–$875
—
7%
25%
0%
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
19
≈ 98 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$3,500–$7,000 (1%–2%)
$70–$1,050
—
5.5%
15%
20%
Practitioner-checked · 2026-09-06·Researched
20
≈ 7 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Restricted
$213,500–$231,000 (61%–66%)
$0–$560
45–75% · 3.5%–4.5%
3%
24%
0%
Registry-verified · 2026-09-24·Verified
Canonical rank 1
Panama
≈ 176 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$7,000–$17,500
Annual tax
$0–$2,625
Mortgage
50–70% LTV
Gross yield
6.9%
Rental tax
15%
Capital gains tax
10%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 1
Colombia
≈ 277 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$10,500–$17,500
Annual tax
$1,750–$5,600
Mortgage
50–70% LTV
Gross yield
6.5%
Rental tax
35%
Capital gains tax
15%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 1
Costa Rica
≈ 184 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$12,250–$17,500
Annual tax
$875–$875
Mortgage
50–70% LTV
Gross yield
7.6%
Rental tax
15%
Capital gains tax
15%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 4
United Kingdom
≈ 78 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$14,000–$49,000
Annual tax
$2,065–$6,160
Mortgage
60–75% LTV
Gross yield
6.2%
Rental tax
20%
Capital gains tax
24%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 4
Japan
≈ 64 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Registry-verified · 2026-04-02·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$21,000–$28,000
Annual tax
$3,500–$5,950
Mortgage
50–70% LTV
Gross yield
4.5%
Rental tax
20%
Capital gains tax
30%
Provenance
Researched · Registry-verified
Canonical rank 4
Netherlands
≈ 75 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$21,000–$35,000
Annual tax
$350–$1,050
Mortgage
60–80% LTV
Gross yield
4%
Rental tax
36%
Capital gains tax
36%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 7
Italy
≈ 126 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$24,500–$52,500
Annual tax
$1,400–$2,660
Mortgage
50–60% LTV
Gross yield
8%
Rental tax
21%
Capital gains tax
26%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 7
Spain
≈ 89 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$28,000–$45,500
Annual tax
$1,400–$3,850
Mortgage
60–70% LTV
Gross yield
6.2%
Rental tax
24%
Capital gains tax
19%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 7
Portugal
≈ 82 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Verified
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$35,000–$42,000
Annual tax
$1,050–$1,575
Mortgage
60–75% LTV
Gross yield
6.2%
Rental tax
25%
Capital gains tax
24%
Provenance
Verified · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 7
Germany
≈ 98 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$35,000–$52,500
Annual tax
$1,050–$2,800
Mortgage
60–70% LTV
Gross yield
6.1%
Rental tax
25%
Capital gains tax
0%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 11
France
≈ 70 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Open
Closing on $350K
$24,500–$31,500
Annual tax
$1,750–$7,000
Mortgage
70–80% LTV
Gross yield
3.5%
Rental tax
37%
Capital gains tax
36%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 12
Turkey
≈ 274 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$14,000–$21,000
Annual tax
$350–$2,100
Mortgage
50–70% LTV
Gross yield
7%
Rental tax
20%
Capital gains tax
0%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 13
Mexico
≈ 189 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Practitioner-checked · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$14,000–$24,500
Annual tax
$350–$1,050
Mortgage
50–65% LTV
Gross yield
5.8%
Rental tax
25%
Capital gains tax
25%
Provenance
Researched · Practitioner-checked
Canonical rank 13
Dubai (UAE)
≈ 57 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Registry-verified · 2026-09-06·Verified
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$24,500–$28,000
Annual tax
$0–$0
Mortgage
50–65% LTV
Gross yield
6.6%
Rental tax
0%
Capital gains tax
0%
Provenance
Verified · Registry-verified
Canonical rank 15
Greece
≈ 97 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$24,500–$35,000
Annual tax
$350–$4,025
Mortgage
50–70% LTV
Gross yield
4.6%
Rental tax
15%
Capital gains tax
0%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 15
Malaysia
≈ 210 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$31,500–$35,000
Annual tax
$35–$70
Mortgage
60–70% LTV
Gross yield
5%
Rental tax
30%
Capital gains tax
30%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 17
Bali (Indonesia)
≈ 169 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Practitioner-checked · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$7,000–$10,500
Annual tax
$35–$175
Mortgage
—
Gross yield
10%
Rental tax
10%
Capital gains tax
2.5%
Provenance
Researched · Practitioner-checked
Canonical rank 17
Ecuador
≈ 332 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Mixed sources · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$7,000–$17,500
Annual tax
$0–$875
Mortgage
—
Gross yield
7%
Rental tax
25%
Capital gains tax
0%
Provenance
Researched · Mixed sources
Canonical rank 19
Thailand
≈ 98 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Practitioner-checked · 2026-09-06·Researched
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$3,500–$7,000
Annual tax
$70–$1,050
Mortgage
—
Gross yield
5.5%
Rental tax
15%
Capital gains tax
20%
Provenance
Researched · Practitioner-checked
Canonical rank 20
Singapore
≈ 7 m² after closing costs, at the national-average price
Registry-verified · 2026-09-24·Verified
Ownership
Restricted
Closing on $350K
$213,500–$231,000
Annual tax
$0–$560
Mortgage
45–75% LTV
Gross yield
3%
Rental tax
24%
Capital gains tax
0%
Provenance
Verified · Registry-verified
Quick answer
Across 20 countries popular with foreign property buyers in 2026, the lowest closing costs are in Thailand (1%–2% of purchase price); the highest in Singapore (61%–66%). 6 countries offer residency or citizenship pathways through property investment (Greece Golden Visa from EUR 250K, Turkey citizenship from $400K, UAE Golden Visa, Colombia, Ecuador). 6 countries levy no capital gains tax on property for non-resident sellers.
Key facts
▸20 countries indexedclosing costs, annual property tax, mortgage availability, rental yields, capital gains tax for non-residents.
▸Lowest closing costs: Thailand1%–2% of purchase price.
▸Highest closing costs: Singapore61%–66% of purchase price.
Closing costs include buyer-side transfer taxes, stamp duties, notary fees, legal fees, and registration. Agent commissions are included where customarily paid by buyers.
Annual property tax is expressed as a percentage of assessed value (which is often below market value).
Mortgage access reflects availability for non-residents specifically. LTV ranges are typical, not maximums.
Gross rental yield is national average for moderate residential areas, not prime city centers.
Rental tax and capital gains tax rates are for non-resident individuals. Resident rates may differ significantly.
All USD conversions use Q1 2026 exchange rates. Ranges reflect regional variation within each country.
This is directional data for comparison purposes, not purchase-grade legal or tax advice.
Sources: National property registrars, tax authorities, Global Property Guide, practitioner verification. Full methodology
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