Complete Guide to Moving to Romania in 2026

Romania is one of those countries that consistently surprises people who actually go there. The expectations — shaped by decades of outdated stereotypes — bear almost no resemblance to the reality. What you find instead is a country with fiber internet faster than almost anywhere in Western Europe, medieval cities that look like they belong in a fairy tale, a tech scene that has produced companies like UiPath (valued at over $10 billion), and a cost of living so low that your money stretches further here than in nearly any other EU country.

Bucharest has gritty energy and wide boulevards that rival Paris. Cluj-Napoca is routinely called the Silicon Valley of Romania, with a startup density that would impress anyone from Austin or Berlin. Brasov sits at the foot of the Carpathians with a medieval old town that looks like something out of a storybook. And all of it costs a fraction of what you would pay in Western Europe — a one-bedroom apartment in central Bucharest runs $400–$650 a month, a full meal at a good restaurant costs $8–$15, and gigabit fiber internet is under $10.

Romania joined the EU in 2007 and the Schengen Area in 2024, which means full freedom of movement for EU citizens and streamlined travel across the continent. For non-EU citizens, the Digital Nomad Visa launched in 2022 provides a clear legal pathway to live and work remotely from Romania for up to one year. The 10% flat income tax is one of Europe’s lowest, and the micro-company regime — where small businesses pay just 1–3% on revenue — is arguably the most founder-friendly tax structure in the EU.

At WhereNext, we score every country across seven data-driven dimensions using institutional sources. You can explore the full Romania country profile for real-time data, or keep reading for the comprehensive breakdown.

Why People Move to Romania

Romania attracts a growing and diverse expat community — from IT professionals recruited by multinational tech companies to digital nomads drawn by world-class internet and rock-bottom costs, from retirees stretching their savings to entrepreneurs leveraging the micro-company tax regime. Understanding what makes Romania uniquely attractive helps frame every decision that follows.

World-Class Internet at Absurd Prices

Romania’s internet infrastructure is genuinely world-class. The country ranks consistently in the top 5 globally for fixed broadband speed, often ahead of countries like the United States, the UK, and Germany. The reason is infrastructure leapfrogging — when Romania built out its broadband network, it went straight to fiber-to-the-home instead of upgrading legacy copper networks. The dominant provider, Digi (formerly RCS&RDS), offers 1 Gbps symmetric fiber for roughly $7–9 per month. That is not a typo. Gigabit internet in Romania costs less than a single large pizza in most Western countries.

For remote workers, this is transformative. Video calls never lag. Uploads are instant. You can work with teams across multiple time zones without any connectivity anxiety. Romania’s time zone (Eastern European Time, UTC+2) also puts it in a sweet spot for working with both US and Asian teams — mornings overlap with the US East Coast afternoon, and evenings overlap with the Asian workday.

EU Membership with Eastern European Prices

Romania is an EU member state, which brings all the protections and benefits that come with it — consumer rights, worker protections, data privacy (GDPR), freedom of movement for EU citizens, and a stable legal framework. But unlike Western EU countries, prices remain firmly in Eastern European territory. You get the rule-of-law guarantees of the EU combined with costs that are 50–65% lower than France, Germany, or the Netherlands. This combination is Romania’s core value proposition for expats.

A Booming Tech Sector

Romania has quietly built one of Europe’s most impressive tech sectors. UiPath, the robotic process automation company, was founded in Bucharest and reached a valuation of over $35 billion at its IPO. The country has more than 120,000 IT professionals, and major companies including Oracle, Microsoft, Amazon, IBM, Ubisoft, and Electronic Arts have significant development offices in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. Romanian developers are consistently among the top-ranked globally on platforms like HackerRank and TopCoder.

IT professionals in Romania also benefit from a special tax exemption: software developers with university degrees are exempt from income tax on their salaries. This policy, introduced to retain tech talent, means that IT workers effectively pay only social contributions (roughly 35% total employer + employee) with zero income tax. For the tech-oriented expat, this makes Romania exceptionally competitive.

Natural Beauty That Rivals Anywhere in Europe

Romania’s natural landscape is staggeringly diverse. The Carpathian Mountains arc through the center of the country, providing some of Europe’s best hiking, skiing, and wildlife viewing — including the continent’s largest population of brown bears, wolves, and lynx. The Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of Europe’s greatest wetlands and a birdwatcher’s paradise. The Black Sea coast offers summer beach towns. And Transylvania’s rolling hills, fortified churches, and medieval villages are unlike anything else in Europe.

Cost of Living: Your Money Goes Far

Romania is one of the cheapest EU countries to live in, and the difference compared to Western Europe is dramatic. A couple can live comfortably in Bucharest for what a single person would spend on rent alone in Amsterdam or Munich. Use our cost of living calculator to build a personalized budget for any Romanian city.

Monthly Budget Tiers

Here is what to expect at three different lifestyle levels in Bucharest, Romania’s most expensive city:

• Frugal ($800–$1,000/mo): studio or shared apartment outside the center ($250–$350), cooking at home with market produce ($150–$200), public transit pass ($12/mo), limited eating out ($50–$80), basic gym membership ($20–$30), prepaid mobile ($5–$8). This is a real budget that real people live on — Romania’s minimum wage workers manage on less.
• Comfortable ($1,200–$1,500/mo): one-bedroom apartment in a good neighborhood ($450–$650), mix of cooking and restaurants ($200–$300), Uber/Bolt for transport ($40–$60), coworking space ($80–$150), gym and social activities ($50–$80), good phone plan with data ($10–$15). This is the sweet spot for most digital nomads.
• Premium ($2,000–$2,500/mo): modern two-bedroom apartment in Floreasca or Herastrau ($700–$1,000), frequent dining out at top restaurants ($300–$400), premium gym/wellness ($40–$60), private health insurance ($100–$150), car rental or rideshares ($100–$150), weekend trips. You are living very well at this level — better than $5,000+/mo would afford in London or Paris.

Key Prices (Bucharest, 2026)

• Rent (1BR, city center): $400–$650/mo
• Rent (1BR, outside center): $250–$400/mo
• Utilities (electricity, heating, water, garbage): $80–$130/mo
• Groceries: $150–$250/mo
• Restaurant meal (mid-range, 2 people): $25–$40
• Coffee (cappuccino): $2.00–$3.50
• Beer (0.5L draft, bar): $2.00–$3.50
• Public transit monthly pass: $12
• Uber/Bolt (5km ride): $3–$5
• Gym membership: $20–$40/mo
• 1 Gbps fiber internet: $7–$9/mo
• Mobile plan (unlimited data): $8–$12/mo
• Private GP visit: $20–$40
• Coworking desk (hot desk): $80–$150/mo

City-by-City Cost Comparison

Romania’s cities vary meaningfully in cost. Bucharest is the most expensive but still absurdly affordable by EU standards. Smaller cities offer even more dramatic savings.

• Bucharest: The most expensive Romanian city, but still 50–60% cheaper than Western European capitals. One-bedroom apartments in good neighborhoods (Floreasca, Aviatorilor, Dorobanti) run $450–$650. In emerging areas like Titan or Militari, you can find $250–$350.
• Cluj-Napoca: Romania’s second most expensive city due to the tech boom. Rents are 10–15% lower than Bucharest, but rising. One-bedroom in the center: $350–$550. The student population keeps food and nightlife prices very low.
• Brasov: 15–25% cheaper than Bucharest. Mountain town prices with medieval charm. One-bedroom: $300–$450. Fewer coworking options but growing remote worker community.
• Timisoara: 20–30% cheaper than Bucharest. Nicknamed “Little Vienna” for its Habsburg architecture. One-bedroom: $280–$420. Excellent infrastructure and cultural scene — was European Capital of Culture in 2023.
• Sibiu: Similar to Brasov in cost, 20–25% cheaper than Bucharest. Beautifully preserved medieval center. Was European Capital of Culture in 2007. One-bedroom: $280–$400. Quieter pace of life, excellent quality of living.

Want to see how Romania compares to other affordable destinations? Read our guide to the cheapest countries to live in or check out the cheapest cities in Europe for digital nomads.

Where to Live in Romania

Romania’s cities each have distinct personalities. Your choice depends on whether you prioritize career opportunities, nature access, nightlife, or small-town charm. Here is the honest breakdown.

Bucharest — The Capital City

Bucharest is chaotic, sprawling, and full of contradictions — ornate Belle Époque buildings sit next to Soviet-era concrete blocks, high-end restaurants share streets with stray dogs, and tech campuses neighbor crumbling facades. It is not conventionally beautiful in the way Prague or Vienna are, but it has an energy and authenticity that grows on you. Bucharest is where the jobs are, where the nightlife is wildest, and where you will find the most international community.

Best neighborhoods for expats:

• Floreasca / Aviatorilor / Herastrau: Bucharest’s upscale area. Tree-lined streets, parks, good restaurants, modern apartment buildings. Herastrau Park (now King Michael I Park) is the city’s green lung. Rents: $500–$800 for 1BR. Popular with corporate expats and tech workers.
• Old Town (Centru Vechi): Historic center with cobblestone streets, bars, and restaurants. Lively nightlife scene. Touristy but walkable to everything. Rents: $400–$600 for 1BR. Better for shorter stays — the noise can wear on you.
• Dorobanti / Primaverii: Quiet, residential, embassy district. Beautiful villas and tree-lined streets. Close to international schools. Rents: $500–$750 for 1BR.
• Cotroceni: University area near the Botanical Garden. Charming, walkable, increasingly popular with young professionals. Rents: $400–$550 for 1BR.
• Pipera: Northern business district, modern office buildings, tech company campuses. Suburban feel, car-dependent. Lower rents ($350–$500) but less character.

Cluj-Napoca — The Silicon Valley of Romania

Cluj-Napoca (usually just called Cluj) is Romania’s tech capital and university city. With over 80,000 students at its universities, it has a youthful energy that permeates everything — from the café culture to the startup scene to the nightlife. The city consistently ranks as Romania’s best place to live in quality-of-life surveys, and it shows. The streets are cleaner, the infrastructure is newer, and the cultural scene punches well above its weight.

Cluj’s tech ecosystem is anchored by companies like Betfair, Bosch, NTT Data, Endava, and dozens of homegrown startups. The Transylvania IT Cluster coordinates tech industry development, and Cluj Innovation City is a major mixed-use tech campus project. Coworking spaces include Cluj Hub, Commons, and Impact Hub. The city’s airport (CLJ) has direct flights to most major European cities via Wizz Air and other carriers.

Best areas: Centru (central, walkable, pricier), Marasti (residential, good value), Zorilor (student area, cheap), Gheorgheni (family-friendly, parks), Buna Ziua (modern, quieter).

Brasov — Medieval Mountain Living

Brasov is where you go when you want Carpathian Mountain access with a medieval city center. The old town is anchored by the Black Church (Biserica Neagra), the largest Gothic church between Vienna and Istanbul, and the Council Square (Piata Sfatului), a stunning plaza surrounded by colorful merchant houses. The Tampa Mountain rises directly behind the old town, with a Hollywood-style “BRASOV” sign and hiking trails starting from the city center.

Poiana Brasov, Romania’s premier ski resort, is 15 minutes from the city. Bran Castle (marketed as “Dracula’s Castle”) is a 30-minute drive. The Piatra Craiului and Bucegi mountain ranges are within an hour for serious hiking. Brasov is ideal for nature lovers who want mountain access without giving up urban amenities. The remote work community is growing, with coworking spaces and cafes adapting to serve digital nomads.

Timisoara — Little Vienna

Timisoara, in western Romania near the Hungarian and Serbian borders, is the country’s most cosmopolitan city after Bucharest. Its Habsburg-era architecture earned it the nickname “Little Vienna,” and its cultural scene was recognized when it served as European Capital of Culture in 2023. The city has a strong multicultural identity — Romanian, Hungarian, German, and Serbian influences all blend together in its cuisine, architecture, and daily life.

Timisoara was the first city in the world to have electric street lighting (1884) and was the birthplace of the 1989 Romanian Revolution. Today it has excellent universities, a growing tech sector, and easy access to Western Europe via its airport and proximity to Hungary. The Bega Canal running through the center provides a pleasant green corridor for cycling and walking. For expats who want Romanian affordability with a more Western European feel, Timisoara is worth serious consideration.

Sibiu — Quiet Elegance

Sibiu is Romania’s most perfectly preserved medieval city. Its Grand Square (Piata Mare), Small Square (Piata Mica), and Huet Square form a trio of public spaces that feel like stepping back in time. The city hosted the European Capital of Culture title in 2007, which triggered a restoration boom that left Sibiu looking immaculate. The city is also famous for its distinctive “eyes of Sibiu” — dormer windows on old buildings that look like watchful eyes.

Sibiu is quieter and smaller than Cluj or Bucharest, which is exactly its appeal. The Astra Museum (an open-air ethnographic museum) is one of the best in Europe. The Fagaras Mountains are an hour south, offering some of Romania’s most spectacular hiking including the famous Transfagarasan Highway. The FITS (Sibiu International Theatre Festival) is one of the largest performing arts festivals in the world. For retirees or remote workers seeking tranquility with cultural depth, Sibiu is ideal.

Visa Options and Residency

Romania’s visa landscape has improved significantly in recent years, especially with the launch of the Digital Nomad Visa and the country’s accession to the Schengen Area. Use our visa checker tool to see requirements specific to your nationality.

EU/EEA Citizens — Freedom of Movement

If you hold an EU, EEA, or Swiss passport, you have the right to live and work in Romania without any visa. You need to register with local authorities after 90 days if you plan to stay long-term, but the process is straightforward. Romania’s Schengen membership (2024) eliminates border checks with other Schengen countries, making travel seamless.

Digital Nomad Visa (Viza de Nomad Digital)

Romania launched its Digital Nomad Visa in 2022, targeting remote workers employed by or contracting with companies outside Romania. Key details:

• Duration: up to 12 months, renewable for another 12 months
• Income requirement: at least €3,700/month gross income (approximately 3x the Romanian average gross salary)
• Tax: you are generally not considered a tax resident if you stay under 183 days. Beyond 183 days, Romanian tax obligations may apply — consult a local tax advisor
• Employer: must be employed by or contracted with a company registered outside Romania
• Health insurance: mandatory, must cover Romania
• Clean criminal record: required from your country of origin
• Processing time: typically 30–45 days
• Application: submit at the Romanian embassy or consulate in your home country

Work Permit (for Non-EU Citizens)

If you have a job offer from a Romanian company, your employer applies for a work permit (aviz de munca) on your behalf through the General Inspectorate for Immigration. The process takes 30–60 days. Romania has a labor market test requirement, meaning the employer must demonstrate that no suitable Romanian or EU candidate was available. However, IT professionals often qualify for expedited processing due to the skills shortage. After 5 years of continuous legal residence, you can apply for permanent residency.

Business/Investor Visa

Entrepreneurs can establish a Romanian company (SRL — societate cu raspundere limitata) and obtain a residence permit based on business activity. The minimum share capital is just 200 RON (approximately $45), making Romania one of the cheapest countries in Europe to incorporate. The micro-company tax regime (1–3% on revenue for companies with turnover under €500,000) is particularly attractive for freelancers and small business owners. You need to demonstrate that your business contributes to the Romanian economy — typically through employment of at least one Romanian citizen or evidence of economic activity.

Student Visa

Romania has several excellent universities (University of Bucharest, Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj, Polytechnic University of Bucharest) that offer programs in English. Tuition for international students is significantly cheaper than in Western Europe — typically €2,000–$5,000 per year. A student visa allows part-time work (up to 4 hours/day) and provides an excellent pathway to post-graduation residency if you find employment.

Schengen 90/180-Day Rule

With Romania’s Schengen membership, non-EU citizens from visa-exempt countries (including the US, UK, Canada, Australia) can stay for up to 90 days within any 180-day period without a visa. This is enough time for a thorough scouting trip. Starting in 2026, the EU ETIAS system requires pre-registration (€7 fee) before entering the Schengen Area.

Taxes: Europe’s Flat-Tax Haven

Romania’s tax system is one of its strongest selling points for expats, freelancers, and entrepreneurs. The structure is simple, rates are low, and the micro-company regime is arguably the best in the EU for small businesses. Compare Romania’s rates against your current country using our tax comparison tool.

Personal Income Tax: 10% Flat Rate

Romania has a flat 10% income tax rate on all earned income. No tax brackets, no progressive scaling — whether you earn $20,000 or $200,000, you pay 10%. This is one of the lowest rates in the EU (only Bulgaria’s 10% matches it). For comparison, neighboring Hungary has 15%, Poland has 12–32%, and Germany has rates up to 45%.

Social Contributions

On top of the 10% income tax, employees pay social contributions:

• CAS (pension): 25% of gross salary (paid by employee)
• CASS (health insurance): 10% of gross salary (paid by employee)
• Total employee contributions: 35% (including the 10% income tax)
• Employer contributions: 2.25% (work insurance contribution)

The total employee tax burden of 35% is higher than the headline 10% suggests, but still competitive compared to Western Europe where total burdens often exceed 50%. Importantly, IT professionals with university degrees are exempt from the 10% income tax, bringing their effective rate down to 25% (social contributions only).

Micro-Company Regime: 1–3% on Revenue

This is Romania’s crown jewel for freelancers and small businesses. Companies with annual turnover under €500,000 can opt for the micro-company regime, which replaces the standard 16% corporate tax with a simple revenue tax:

• 1% on revenue if the company has at least one employee
• 3% on revenue if the company has no employees

For a freelance developer earning €60,000/year through a Romanian micro-company, this means a corporate tax of just €600–$1,800 per year. You then pay income tax and social contributions when extracting salary or dividends (dividends are taxed at 8%). The combined effective tax rate for a well-structured micro-company is often under 20% — dramatically lower than most EU countries.

Freelancer/PFA Regime

Independent contractors can register as a PFA (persoana fizica autorizata — authorized natural person). PFAs pay 10% income tax plus social contributions (CAS 25% and CASS 10%, but capped at certain income levels). For freelancers earning above the cap thresholds, the effective rate drops significantly. Many expats work with a Romanian accountant (contabil) to optimize between the PFA and micro-company structures — a good accountant costs $50–$100/month and is worth every cent.

Healthcare: Affordable and Improving

Romania’s healthcare system is a tale of two worlds: a public system that is underfunded and bureaucratic but free for insured residents, and a rapidly growing private sector that offers excellent care at prices that would be considered trivial by Western standards.

Public Healthcare (CNAS)

The Casa Nationala de Asigurari de Sanatate (CNAS) provides universal coverage for anyone paying the 10% health contribution (CASS). This includes access to public hospitals, GP visits, specialist referrals, and emergency care. The reality, however, is that public hospitals are often overcrowded, underfunded, and plagued by long wait times. Major cities (Bucharest, Cluj, Timisoara) have better public facilities than rural areas, but even in cities, the experience can be frustrating.

That said, Romania has some excellent public hospital departments, particularly in oncology, cardiac surgery, and emergency medicine. Bucharest’s Fundeni Hospital and Cluj’s emergency hospital are well-regarded. Emergency care (ambulance, ER) is free for everyone, including tourists and uninsured residents, and the quality of emergency care is generally good.

Private Healthcare: The Expat Choice

Most expats in Romania use private healthcare, and the value is extraordinary. The two largest private networks are:

• Regina Maria: Romania’s largest private healthcare network with hospitals, clinics, and labs across major cities. Known for modern facilities and English-speaking staff. Subscription plans start at approximately $30–$50/month and cover GP visits, specialist consultations, basic lab work, and discounts on procedures.
• MedLife: Romania’s second-largest private network with similar coverage and pricing. Also offers corporate packages. Many Romanian tech companies include MedLife or Regina Maria subscriptions as employee benefits.

Typical private healthcare costs:

• GP consultation: $20–$40
• Specialist consultation: $30–$60
• Blood panel: $30–$50
• MRI scan: $100–$200
• Dental cleaning: $30–$50
• Dental crown: $150–$300
• Comprehensive health insurance: $80–$150/month

Romania has become a significant medical tourism destination, particularly for dental work and cosmetic procedures, due to the combination of qualified practitioners and dramatically lower prices. Many doctors in private practice speak English, especially in Bucharest and Cluj.

Safety and Quality of Life

Romania is generally a very safe country, with crime rates lower than most Western European countries. According to Eurostat, Romania has one of the lowest rates of assault and robbery in the EU. Violent crime against foreigners is extremely rare.

Crime and Safety

The main safety concerns are petty — pickpocketing in crowded tourist areas (Bucharest Old Town, train stations), taxi scams (use Uber/Bolt instead of hailing taxis), and occasional aggressive driving. Petty theft on public transport can happen, as in any European capital. Rural Romania is exceptionally safe — villages routinely leave doors unlocked.

Practical safety tips:

• Always use Uber or Bolt instead of street taxis, especially at airports and train stations where overcharging is common
• Keep valuables in front pockets on crowded metro and buses
• Avoid unlicensed money exchange offices — use ATMs from major banks (BRD, BCR, Raiffeisen, ING)
• Be cautious with stray dogs — Bucharest has largely addressed this issue, but some remain in outer neighborhoods
• Watch for aggressive drivers — Romanian driving culture is assertive and road safety statistics are among the EU’s worst

LGBTQ+ Considerations

Romania is socially conservative compared to Western Europe. Same-sex marriage is not recognized, and a 2018 referendum attempted (but failed due to low turnout) to constitutionally define marriage as between a man and a woman. Major cities (Bucharest, Cluj, Timisoara) are significantly more tolerant than rural areas. Bucharest has an active LGBTQ+ community and annual Pride march. Open discrimination is illegal under EU law, but social attitudes, particularly outside major cities, can be less accepting. LGBTQ+ expats generally report that Bucharest and Cluj are comfortable places to live, while rural areas may require more discretion.

Internet and Remote Work Infrastructure

Romania’s internet is legendary in the digital nomad community, and for good reason. The country consistently ranks in the global top 5 for fixed broadband speeds, and the prices are so low they seem like a mistake.

Home Internet

The dominant provider is Digi (formerly RCS&RDS), which offers:

• 1 Gbps fiber: approximately $7–$9/month (Fiberlink 1000)
• 10 Gbps fiber: available in many areas for roughly $12–$15/month
• Coverage: fiber-to-the-home available in most urban buildings

Other providers include Orange Romania and Vodafone Romania, which offer competitive packages but Digi dominates on price-to-speed ratio. Most rental apartments come with internet already installed — just confirm with your landlord. Setup is typically same-day or next-day.

Mobile Data

Mobile data plans are similarly cheap. Digi Mobile offers unlimited data plans for $5–$8/month. Orange and Vodafone offer premium plans with 5G coverage in major cities for $10–$15/month. You can buy prepaid SIM cards at any phone shop or supermarket — you will need your passport for registration.

Coworking Spaces

Romania’s coworking scene has matured significantly:

• Bucharest: Impact Hub Bucharest, TechHub Bucharest, Commons, Nod Makerspace, WeWork — hot desks from $80–$150/month
• Cluj-Napoca: Cluj Hub, Commons Cluj, Impact Hub Cluj — hot desks from $70–$120/month
• Brasov: Hub01, Rowork — smaller scene but growing, $60–$100/month
• Timisoara: ISHO Creative Quarter, Cowork Timisoara — $60–$100/month

Many cafes in major cities are also well-equipped for remote work, with fast WiFi, power outlets at every table, and a culture that welcomes laptop workers. Bucharest’s specialty coffee scene (Origo, Bob Coffee Lab, Steam, Beans & Dots) offers excellent working environments.

Want to see how Romania stacks up for remote work? Read our guide to the best countries for digital nomads.

Transportation

Romania’s transportation infrastructure is a mix of modern urban systems and still-developing intercity connections. Cities are well-served by public transit, but intercity travel can be slower than in Western Europe.

Urban Transport

Bucharest has the only metro system in Romania — 4 lines covering 69 stations. It runs from 5:00 AM to 11:00 PM (extended hours on weekends). A monthly pass costs approximately $12. The metro is generally reliable and covers the main business and residential areas. Surface transport includes buses, trams, and trolleybuses operated by STB. Google Maps works well for route planning in Bucharest.

Uber and Bolt operate in all major Romanian cities and are the preferred way to get around. Rides are very cheap — a typical 5km ride in Bucharest costs $3–$5. Both apps are reliable and eliminate the taxi scam risk that was historically a problem. Many expats use rideshares as their primary transport.

Intercity Travel

Romanian railways (CFR Calatori) are affordable but slow. The Bucharest–Cluj route (about 450 km) takes 8–10 hours by train, compared to 5–6 hours by car. High-speed rail does not yet exist in Romania, though modernization projects are underway. That said, trains are cheap (€15–$25 for long routes) and the scenery through the Carpathians is spectacular.

FlixBus and other bus companies offer faster and often cheaper intercity alternatives. Bucharest to Brasov by bus takes about 3 hours and costs $5–$10. BlaBlaCar (ride-sharing) is extremely popular in Romania and often the fastest way to travel between cities.

Air Travel

Wizz Air, the Hungarian low-cost carrier, has a major hub at Bucharest Henri Coanda Airport (OTP) with cheap flights across Europe. Bucharest also serves as a hub for TAROM (Romania’s national carrier) and Blue Air. Cluj, Timisoara, Iasi, and Sibiu all have international airports with direct connections to major European cities. Budget flights to London, Berlin, Milan, or Barcelona regularly go for €20–$50.

Driving

Romania’s road infrastructure is improving but uneven. Major cities are connected by national roads (DN) and an expanding motorway (autostrada) network. The A1 (Bucharest–Pitesti) and A3 (Bucharest–Ploiesti, extending toward Cluj) are modern highways. However, many roads, especially in rural areas, are in poor condition. Romanian driving culture is aggressive by Western European standards, and the country has one of the EU’s highest road fatality rates. A Rovinieta (road tax vignette) is required for all vehicles on national roads and can be purchased online.

Language and Communication

Romanian is a Romance language, which means it is linguistically related to Italian, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. If you speak any of these languages, you will find Romanian surprisingly accessible — basic comprehension comes faster than with Slavic or Hungarian languages. The shared Latin roots mean that many everyday words are recognizable: restaurant, informatie, universitate, telefon, bilet (ticket), strada (street), apartament.

English Proficiency

English is widely spoken in Romanian cities, especially among younger people and IT professionals. Romania ranks well on the EF English Proficiency Index, and most people under 40 in urban areas speak conversational English. In the tech industry, English is essentially the working language. You can live comfortably in Bucharest or Cluj with English only — restaurants have English menus, Uber/Bolt handles taxi communication, and most services have English-speaking staff.

However, English proficiency drops significantly in rural areas and among older generations. Government bureaucracy (immigration offices, tax offices, city hall) is conducted primarily in Romanian, and official forms are in Romanian. Having a Romanian-speaking friend or hiring a translator for administrative tasks is strongly recommended.

Useful Romanian Phrases

Learning basic Romanian goes a long way with locals and shows respect. Here are essentials:

• Buna ziua (BOO-nah ZEE-wah) — Good day / Hello (formal)
• Salut (sah-LOOT) — Hi (informal)
• Multumesc (mool-tsoo-MESK) — Thank you
• Va rog (vah ROHG) — Please
• Scuzati (skoo-ZAHTSI) — Excuse me
• Nu inteleg (noo een-TSELEG) — I don’t understand
• Vorbiti engleza? (vor-BEETSI en-GLEH-zah) — Do you speak English?
• Cat costa? (kaht KOHS-tah) — How much does it cost?
• Nota, va rog (NOH-tah vah ROHG) — The check, please
• Noroc! (noh-ROHK) — Cheers!

Food and Drink Culture

Romanian cuisine is hearty, flavorful, and deeply tied to the country’s agricultural roots. It draws influences from Turkish, Hungarian, Greek, and Slavic culinary traditions, creating a unique food culture that is one of Europe’s most underrated.

Essential Romanian Dishes

• Mici (Mititei): grilled minced meat rolls made from a blend of beef, pork, and lamb with garlic, thyme, and bicarbonate of soda. Romania’s national street food — found at every barbecue, terrace, and food stall. Served with mustard and bread. Essentially the Romanian equivalent of hot dogs at a baseball game.
• Sarmale: cabbage rolls stuffed with a mixture of minced pork, rice, and spices, slow-cooked in sauerkraut juice. The quintessential Romanian comfort food, especially at Christmas and Easter. Often served with sour cream and polenta.
• Mamaliga: Romanian polenta made from yellow cornmeal. Served as a side dish with stews, sarmale, cheese, or sour cream. Some call it the Romanian equivalent of Italian polenta — it is essentially the same thing but prepared slightly differently and eaten with different accompaniments.
• Ciorba de burta: tripe soup with garlic, vinegar, and sour cream. An acquired taste, but Romanians swear by it as a hangover cure. If you can get past the concept, the flavor is actually excellent.
• Cozonac: sweet bread with walnut or cocoa filling, traditionally baked at Easter and Christmas. Similar to Italian panettone but denser and richer.
• Papanasi: fried or boiled doughnuts topped with sour cream and jam. Romania’s most beloved dessert — you will find them on every restaurant menu.

Wine and Drink Culture

Romania is the world’s 13th largest wine producer and has been making wine for over 6,000 years. Key wine regions include:

• Dealu Mare: Romania’s premier red wine region, producing excellent Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and the indigenous Feteasca Neagra grape.
• Recas: Near Timisoara, producing award-winning whites and reds at extraordinary value.
• Cotnari: In Moldova (the Romanian region, not the country), famous for sweet white wines similar to Tokaji.
• Murfatlar: On the Black Sea coast, known for whites and roses.

A good bottle of Romanian wine costs $3–$8 in supermarkets and $8–$15 in restaurants. The quality-to-price ratio is among the best in Europe. Look for indigenous grape varieties: Feteasca Neagra (red), Feteasca Alba and Feteasca Regala (white), Grasa de Cotnari (sweet white), and Tamaioasa Romaneasca (aromatic white).

Romania also has a growing craft beer scene, particularly in Bucharest and Cluj. Breweries like Ground Zero, Zagai, Hop Hooligans, and Bereta produce excellent IPAs, stouts, and sours. A craft beer at a bar costs $3–$5, while mainstream Romanian beers (Ursus, Ciuc, Timisoreana) cost $1.50–$2.50 on draft.

Tuica (plum brandy) and palinca(stronger fruit brandy, often homemade) are Romania’s traditional spirits. Offered as a welcome drink in rural areas, sipped before meals, and produced by almost every family with a backyard plum tree. Commercially produced tuica is 24–40% alcohol; homemade palinca can reach 50–60%. Accept it when offered — it is a gesture of hospitality.

Cultural Integration and Daily Life

Romanian Hospitality

Romanians are warm, generous, and genuinely curious about foreigners. The hospitality is not performative — if you visit a Romanian home, expect to be fed far more than you can eat, offered tuica before you can say no, and treated like family. This warmth extends to daily interactions: strangers will help you navigate bureaucracy, neighbors will bring you food, and colleagues will invite you to their family gatherings.

The flip side is that Romanian culture values relationships and personal connections strongly. Things that might be handled through formal channels in Western countries are often resolved through “knowing someone.” This can be frustrating when you are new and do not yet have a network, but it also means that once you do build connections, doors open in ways that would be impossible in more transactional cultures.

Religion and Traditions

Romania is predominantly Orthodox Christian (about 85% of the population), and religious traditions are deeply embedded in culture. Major holidays follow the Orthodox calendar — Easter is the biggest celebration (often on a different date than Western Easter), with midnight church services, painted eggs, and lamb. Christmas traditions include colinde (caroling), visiting family, and eating sarmale and cozonac.

You do not need to be religious to integrate, but understanding and respecting Orthodox traditions will help you connect with colleagues and neighbors. When invited to Romanian homes during holidays, bring a small gift (wine, flowers, chocolates). Remove shoes when entering homes.

Banking and Money

Romania uses the Romanian leu (RON). As of early 2026, 1 USD equals approximately 4.5–4.8 RON. Card payments are accepted almost everywhere in cities — restaurants, shops, supermarkets, taxis (via app). Some smaller shops and market vendors may be cash-only.

Opening a Romanian bank account requires your passport, proof of address (rental contract), and your residence permit or visa. Major banks include BCR (Banca Comerciala Romana), BRD (Groupe Societe Generale), ING Romania, Raiffeisen Romania, and Banca Transilvania. ING has the best digital banking experience. Many expats also use Revolut (very popular in Romania) or Wise for multi-currency accounts and international transfers.

Tipping culture: 10% is standard at restaurants (ideally leave cash for the server even when paying by card). Rounding up is common for delivery drivers, barbers, and rideshares. Tipping is not expected at fast food, cafes, or takeaway.

Social Life and Expat Community

Romania’s expat community is smaller but growing, concentrated in Bucharest and Cluj. Facebook groups like “Expats in Bucharest,” “Digital Nomads Romania,” and “Internationals in Cluj” are active and helpful. Meetup.com has regular events in both cities. The tech community is particularly welcoming — conferences like DevTalks, Codecamp, and the Transylvania Digital Summit create networking opportunities.

Bucharest’s nightlife is legendary for a city its size. The Old Town (Centru Vechi) has dozens of bars and clubs, and the club scene rivals Berlin’s in some circles. Romanian DJs (Solomun, Raresh, Praslea, Rhadoo) are globally renowned in the electronic music scene. Beyond nightlife, the city has an excellent theater scene, art galleries (Gaep, Ivan Gallery), and cultural festivals throughout the year.

Weather and Climate

Romania has a continental climate with four distinct seasons:

• Spring (March–May): Pleasant, 10–22°C. April and May are lovely, with blossoming trees and mild temperatures.
• Summer (June–August): Hot, 25–35°C+. July and August can be very hot in Bucharest (35–40°C is not uncommon). Mountain cities like Brasov stay cooler (20–28°C).
• Autumn (September–November): Beautiful foliage, 8–20°C. September and October are arguably the best months in Romania — warm days, cool nights, stunning colors in the Carpathians.
• Winter (December–February): Cold, −5–5°C in plains, colder in mountains. Snow is common, especially in Transylvania. Bucharest winters are grey and damp rather than picturesque. Mountain cities get proper snow for skiing.

If heat bothers you, avoid Bucharest in July–August and consider mountain cities instead. The ideal time to arrive for a scouting trip is September or late April/May.

Challenges and What to Watch Out For

Romania is not without its frustrations. Being honest about the challenges helps you prepare and set realistic expectations.

Bureaucracy

Romanian bureaucracy is slow, paper-heavy, and often requires multiple visits to government offices. Getting a residence permit, registering a business, or dealing with tax authorities can be an exercise in patience. Forms are in Romanian, offices keep limited hours, and the process often feels designed to discourage rather than help. Having a Romanian-speaking accountant and/or lawyer is not optional — it is essential. Budget $100–$200/month for professional services that will save you immense headaches.

Infrastructure Gaps

While cities are modern and well-connected, Romania’s intercity infrastructure lags behind Western Europe and even some neighbors. The motorway network is still under construction — there is no continuous highway connection between Bucharest and Cluj. Trains are slow. Rural roads can be poor. This is improving year by year with EU-funded infrastructure projects, but if you are accustomed to German autobahns or French TGV, adjust your expectations.

Air Quality

Bucharest occasionally has air quality issues, particularly during winter inversions and summer heat waves. The city is not as polluted as some Asian or South Asian capitals, but it is worse than Western European cities of comparable size. Mountain cities (Brasov, Sibiu) have significantly better air quality.

Stray Dogs

While Bucharest has made significant progress in addressing its historic stray dog problem, some strays remain in outer neighborhoods and smaller towns. They are generally not aggressive but can be startling. This is much less of an issue than it was a decade ago, and central neighborhoods are largely clear.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long can Americans stay in Romania without a visa?

US citizens can stay in the Schengen Area (which includes Romania as of 2024) for up to 90 days within any 180-day period without a visa. This covers tourism and short business visits only — no employment. If you want to stay longer or work, you need a visa or residence permit before the 90 days expire. Starting in 2026, the EU ETIAS system requires Americans to pre-register online (€7 fee) before entering the Schengen Area.

Is Romania safe for expats and solo travelers?

Yes. Romania is one of the safest countries in Europe for violent crime. The main concerns are petty theft in crowded tourist areas and aggressive driving on roads. Bucharest, Cluj, and other major cities are generally safe to walk around at night. Solo female travelers consistently report feeling comfortable. Standard urban precautions apply. Use Uber/Bolt instead of street taxis, keep valuables secure on public transport, and be cautious with ATMs from unfamiliar banks.

Do I need to learn Romanian?

Not to survive in Bucharest or Cluj — English is widely spoken in restaurants, shops, tech companies, and among younger Romanians. However, Romanian is essential for government bureaucracy (immigration offices, tax authorities, city hall), and speaking basic phrases significantly improves social interactions and shows respect. As a Romance language, Romanian is more accessible than you might expect if you speak Spanish, Italian, French, or Portuguese. Learning basics is strongly recommended for anyone staying beyond a few months.

How does the Digital Nomad Visa work?

The Romanian Digital Nomad Visa (launched 2022) allows non-EU remote workers to live in Romania for up to 12 months, renewable once. You need to earn at least €3,700/month gross from a company registered outside Romania, have health insurance covering Romania, and provide a clean criminal record. Apply at the Romanian embassy or consulate in your home country. Processing takes 30–45 days. You are generally not a tax resident if you stay under 183 days, but consult a Romanian tax advisor for your specific situation.

What is the micro-company tax and how does it work?

Romania’s micro-company regime allows businesses with annual turnover under €500,000 to pay a simplified revenue tax instead of the standard 16% corporate tax. The rate is 1% on revenue with at least one employee, or 3% on revenue with no employees. This makes it one of the most tax-efficient structures in the EU for freelancers and small businesses. You then pay additional tax when extracting money as salary (10% income tax + social contributions) or dividends (8%). A Romanian accountant ($50–$100/month) is essential for proper setup.

How fast is the internet in Romania really?

Romania consistently ranks in the global top 5 for fixed broadband speed. The dominant provider, Digi (RCS&RDS), offers 1 Gbps symmetric fiber for approximately $7–$9/month — genuinely among the fastest and cheapest internet in the world. Even 10 Gbps plans are available in many areas for $12–$15/month. Coverage is excellent in urban areas, with fiber-to-the-home available in most apartment buildings. Mobile data (4G/5G) is similarly fast and cheap — unlimited plans start at $5–$8/month.

What is the best city in Romania for digital nomads?

Bucharest offers the most coworking options, largest expat community, best nightlife, and most international flights. Cluj-Napoca has a stronger tech culture, cleaner streets, and a more walkable center but is smaller and has fewer international connections. Brasov is ideal if you prioritize mountain access and a slower pace. For most digital nomads, Bucharest or Cluj is the best starting point. Many nomads do a month in each to decide.

Is Romania in the eurozone?

No. Romania uses the Romanian leu (RON). The country is an EU member and has committed to adopting the euro eventually, but no specific date has been set. As of early 2026, 1 USD equals approximately 4.5–4.8 RON. The relatively weak leu works in favor of foreign earners — your dollars, euros, or pounds go further. Card payments are widely accepted in cities. ATMs from major banks (BCR, BRD, ING, Raiffeisen) offer competitive exchange rates — avoid independent exchange offices that advertise unrealistic rates.

Your Next Steps

Romania offers a rare combination that is hard to find anywhere else in Europe: EU membership and Schengen access with the lowest costs on the continent, world-class internet that makes remote work seamless, a 10% flat income tax with an even better micro-company regime, stunning natural landscapes from mountains to the Black Sea, and a genuine warmth from the people that makes integration easier than you would expect. Bucharest, Cluj, Brasov, Timisoara — each offers a different version of Romanian life, and any of them can be a genuinely excellent place to build your next chapter.

Here is how to move from research to action:

• Explore Romania’s country profile — real-time data on cost, safety, healthcare, visas, and more.
• Calculate your cost of living — get a personalized monthly budget for Bucharest, Cluj, Brasov, or Timisoara.
• Compare Romania’s tax rates — see how the 10% flat rate compares to your current location.
• Take the WhereNext quiz — 2 minutes to get a personalized country ranking based on your priorities.
• Apply for the Digital Nomad Visa — if you are a non-EU remote worker earning €3,700+/month, this is your clearest legal pathway to European residency.
• Do a trial run — spend 1–3 months in Bucharest or Cluj on the 90-day Schengen allowance. Rent short-term, work from coworking spaces, and experience the lifestyle before committing.

Comparing Romania with other Central and Eastern European destinations? Read our guides to moving to Hungary, moving to Poland, and our cheapest countries to live guide to see how Romania ranks globally. For digital nomad-specific comparisons, check out our best countries for digital nomads guide and cheapest cities in Europe for digital nomads.

The data is clear: Romania is one of Europe’s best-kept secrets for relocation. A 10% flat tax, gigabit internet for under $10, EU membership, $900–$1,500/month living costs, and cities that blend medieval charm with modern tech culture. The Carpathians are calling. Start with the numbers, plan your scouting trip, and discover why Romania keeps climbing the rankings.