Gulf Expat Safety Guide: Country-by-Country Assessment During the Iran Conflict 2026

On the evening of February 27, 2026, the United States and Israel launched a coordinated military operation against Iran. Within hours, Iran retaliated with ballistic missiles targeting Gulf states that host US military infrastructure. The strikes hit civilian targets in the UAE, triggered shelter activations in Doha, and placed every country in the Persian Gulf region on maximum security alert. All Gulf airspace was temporarily closed.

Among the confirmed outcomes of the initial US-Israeli operation: Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s Supreme Leader, was confirmed killed by Iranian state media. The decapitation of Iran’s leadership hierarchy represents the most significant escalation in US-Iran tensions since the 1979 revolution.

If you are an expat living anywhere in the Gulf, this guide is written specifically for you. It provides a country-by-country threat assessment based on verified information, practical survival instructions, evacuation route planning, financial protections, family safety considerations, and a structured decision framework for whether to stay or leave. We have relied only on verified reporting and excluded unconfirmed claims.

For a UAE-specific deep dive with more granular detail on Dubai and Abu Dhabi, see our Is Dubai Safe for Expats? Iran Conflict Guide. For general emergency relocation planning, see our moving abroad checklist.

What Happened: The Strikes and Retaliation

Understanding the military dynamics is essential for assessing your personal risk level. The sequence of events unfolded rapidly.

The US-Israeli Operation

On the evening of February 27, 2026 (into February 28), the United States and Israel launched extensive coordinated strikes against Iran. The operation targeted nuclear enrichment facilities, ballistic missile launch sites, drone production centers, and leadership and command-and-control infrastructure across multiple Iranian provinces. The strikes were designed to degrade Iran’s military capability, but the retaliation came anyway.

Iran’s Retaliatory Strikes

Iran’s response came within hours. Despite the destruction of many of its launch capabilities, Iran fired salvos of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and armed drones at US military installations and allied targets across the region. The targeting priorities were consistent with Iran’s stated doctrine: strike US military infrastructure and the Gulf states perceived as having supported or facilitated the operation. The targets broke down into three categories:

• US military bases — Al Udeid Air Base (Qatar), Naval Support Activity Bahrain (US 5th Fleet), Ali Al Salem Air Base (Kuwait), and other US positions in the region
• Strategic infrastructure — Airports, ports, and economic facilities that Iran considers part of the US alliance network
• Symbolic targets — High-profile landmarks intended to demonstrate reach and create psychological impact

All Gulf airspace was temporarily closed following the strikes. Commercial aviation across the entire region came to a complete halt.

The Key Exception: Oman

Oman was not targeted in the Iranian retaliation. This was not accidental. Oman has maintained strict neutrality in regional conflicts for decades, serving as a diplomatic back-channel between Iran and Western powers. Oman does not host significant US military combat assets. This neutrality has made Oman the primary evacuation route for expats leaving the Gulf — a critical fact we will return to in the evacuation section below.

Country-by-Country Threat Assessment

Each country is assessed based on verified strike data, proximity to US military assets, the country’s diplomatic posture toward Iran, its defense capabilities, and the practical risk to civilian expats. Threat levels are rated as: Critical, High, Elevated, or Low.

United Arab Emirates — Threat Level: Critical

The UAE was the hardest-hit Gulf state in Iran’s retaliation. Three distinct waves of Iranian missiles and drones were directed at UAE targets over approximately six hours. The UAE’s THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 defense systems intercepted the vast majority of incoming projectiles across all three waves. However, several impacts were confirmed:

• Burj Al Arab area, Dubai — The area around Dubai’s iconic sail-shaped hotel was struck. Fires were contained by Dubai Civil Defense. The psychological impact of damage near one of the world’s most recognizable landmarks has been significant across the expat community.
• Dubai International Airport (DXB) — The world’s busiest international airport sustained damage. All operations were immediately suspended and the airport remains closed.
• Jebel Ali Port, Dubai — Fires broke out at this critical shipping and logistics hub, one of the largest ports in the Middle East and a linchpin of Dubai’s trade economy. Operations remain disrupted.
• Zayed International Airport, Abu Dhabi — The most serious confirmed damage. One person was killed, per official UAE statements. The airport is closed until further notice.
• Three waves intercepted — UAE defense forces confirmed interception of the overwhelming majority of incoming projectiles across three distinct attack waves, demonstrating the effectiveness of the layered THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 architecture.

Why the UAE is Critical: The UAE hosts Al Dhafra Air Base, a major US Air Force installation near Abu Dhabi. Its close strategic relationship with the US and its role as a regional financial and logistics hub make it a prime target. The confirmed damage to multiple civilian infrastructure sites demonstrates that even world-class missile defense cannot guarantee zero impact. The closure of both DXB and Abu Dhabi airports severely constrains evacuation options.

For detailed UAE analysis, see our Is Dubai Safe? Iran Conflict Guide. For baseline UAE country data, see the UAE country profile.

Qatar — Threat Level: Critical

Qatar hosts Al Udeid Air Base, the largest US military facility in the Middle East and the forward headquarters of US Central Command (CENTCOM). This single fact makes Qatar one of the highest-value targets for Iranian retaliation, regardless of Qatar’s own diplomatic relationship with Tehran.

Verified situation:

• Al Udeid Air Base is the primary target concern — any future waves of Iranian strikes will almost certainly prioritize this installation
• Doha activated its civil defense shelter system, directing residents to designated shelters
• Qatar’s diplomatic relationship with Iran is actually more cordial than other Gulf states, which may provide some restraint on direct civilian targeting — but does not protect against strikes aimed at Al Udeid
• Hamad International Airport operations were suspended during the airspace closure

Why Qatar is Critical: The concentration of US military command infrastructure at Al Udeid makes Qatar an inherent target in any US-Iran conflict. The base is located approximately 35 kilometers southwest of central Doha — strikes targeting Al Udeid could produce debris reaching populated areas. Qatar’s small geographic size (11,586 square kilometers) means there is limited physical distance between military targets and civilian populations.

For Qatar country data, see the Qatar country profile.

Bahrain — Threat Level: Critical

Bahrain is home to Naval Support Activity Bahrain, the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command and the US Fifth Fleet. This is the nerve center of American naval operations across the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea. Bahrain has been specifically targeted by Iranian-backed groups.

Verified situation:

• The US 5th Fleet base at Juffair has been placed on maximum alert
• Bahrain has activated its civil defense protocols
• Iranian-backed groups have specifically identified Bahrain as a target in their statements
• Bahrain International Airport operations were suspended during the airspace closure

Why Bahrain is Critical: Bahrain’s extreme proximity to Iran across the Persian Gulf — approximately 200 kilometers — gives it the shortest missile flight time of any Gulf state. The island nation’s tiny geographic area (just 780 square kilometers) means there is virtually no separation between military and civilian infrastructure. The King Fahd Causeway to Saudi Arabia is the only land exit route — a single chokepoint that could become congested or closed during a mass evacuation.

For Bahrain country data, see the Bahrain country profile.

Kuwait — Threat Level: High

Kuwait hosts Ali Al Salem Air Base and Camp Arifjan, both significant US military installations. Kuwait has been a critical staging ground for US military operations in the region since the 1991 Gulf War.

Verified situation:

• Kuwait closed its airspace immediately following the Iranian strikes
• Ali Al Salem Air Base hosts US Air Force assets and is considered a potential target for subsequent Iranian strikes
• Camp Arifjan, the US Army’s primary installation in Kuwait, is on heightened alert
• Kuwait International Airport suspended operations during the airspace closure

Why Kuwait is High: Kuwait’s multiple US military facilities make it an obvious target. Its location at the northern end of the Persian Gulf places it within range of Iranian weapons systems, including shorter-range missiles and artillery rockets that are harder to intercept. Kuwait’s defense capabilities, while significantly upgraded since 1991, are less extensive than the UAE’s layered THAAD/Patriot system.

For Kuwait country data, see the Kuwait country profile.

Saudi Arabia — Threat Level: High

Saudi Arabia was not directly struck in the first wave of Iranian retaliation. However, the kingdom remains on maximum alert, with particular concern over its energy infrastructure.

Verified situation:

• Not struck in the first wave of Iranian retaliation
• Saudi Aramco facilities are on high alert — the 2019 Abqaiq-Khurais drone and cruise missile attack demonstrated Iran’s proven capability to strike Saudi energy infrastructure
• Saudi air defenses, including Patriot systems, are fully activated
• The kingdom hosts US military personnel at Prince Sultan Air Base and other facilities
• Airspace restrictions were implemented during the initial crisis

Why Saudi Arabia is High: While not struck initially, Iran has already demonstrated the capability and willingness to target Saudi energy infrastructure — the 2019 attack caused a temporary 50 percent reduction in Saudi oil production. The presence of US military assets and Saudi Arabia’s membership in the US-led regional security architecture make it a potential target in subsequent escalation. However, Saudi Arabia’s geographic size provides natural dispersion of risk that smaller Gulf states lack, and its western Red Sea coast (Jeddah) is far from Iranian missile range.

For Saudi Arabia country data, see the Saudi Arabia country profile.

Jordan — Threat Level: Elevated

Jordan hosts US military assets and serves as a logistics node for American operations in the region. Some debris was reported in Jordanian territory during the initial exchange.

Verified situation:

• Some debris from interceptions was reported over Jordanian territory
• Jordan hosts US military personnel at multiple installations
• The Jordanian Armed Forces are on heightened alert
• Queen Alia International Airport implemented temporary restrictions but has a more viable path to resuming operations than Gulf airports

Why Jordan is Elevated (not Critical): Jordan is geographically positioned between Iran and Israel, making it a corridor for missile overflight. Its hosting of US military assets makes it a potential target, though a lower priority than Gulf states with larger US installations. Jordan’s geographic position outside the immediate Persian Gulf zone, combined with its smaller US military footprint, provides meaningful risk reduction relative to Qatar or Bahrain. However, the debris incidents demonstrate that even non-targeted countries face collateral risk.

For Jordan country data, see the Jordan country profile.

Oman — Threat Level: Low

Oman is the clear outlier in this crisis. The Sultanate has maintained strict neutrality in regional conflicts for decades and has historically served as a diplomatic back-channel between Iran and Western nations. Oman was not targeted in the Iranian retaliation and has emerged as the primary evacuation route for expats departing the Gulf.

Verified situation:

• Not targeted by Iranian strikes — Oman’s neutrality has been respected
• Does not host significant US military combat assets
• Muscat International Airport is positioned as a key evacuation hub for the region
• Has historically maintained cordial diplomatic relations with Iran, including hosting nuclear negotiation talks
• Land border crossings from the UAE (Al Ain/Al Buraimi corridor and Hatta border crossing) are operational

Why Oman is Low: Oman’s decades-long policy of non-alignment and its deliberate avoidance of hosting US military combat operations have paid a clear dividend. The Sultanate’s diplomatic role as an intermediary gives it unique protection. For expats in the UAE, Oman’s proximity — particularly the Al Ain to Muscat land route — makes it the most practical immediate evacuation destination.

For Oman country data, see the Oman country profile.

Comparative Risk Assessment

The following tables compare key safety factors across the Gulf states most relevant to expat decision-making.

The following table compares Qatar and Bahrain, the two other Critical-threat countries with large expat populations.

Immediate Safety Protocols: What to Do Right Now

Whether you decide to stay or leave, the following actions should be taken immediately regardless of which Gulf country you are in.

1. Register with Your Embassy

If you have not already done so, register with your home country’s embassy or consular crisis notification system. This is the single most important action you can take.

• US citizens: STEP (Smart Traveler Enrollment Program) — provides emergency notifications, evacuation coordination, and proof of citizenship in emergencies
• UK citizens: Register with the British Embassy in your country of residence
• Canadian citizens: Registration of Canadians Abroad
• Australian citizens: Smartraveller
• All nationalities: Keep your embassy’s emergency phone number saved in your phone and written on a physical card in your go-bag

2. Emergency Communication Plan

Communication infrastructure may be degraded during active hostilities. Prepare for this now:

• Download offline maps of your area, the nearest border crossing to Oman or Saudi Arabia, and your full evacuation route. Google Maps and Maps.me both support offline downloads.
• Establish a check-in protocol with family. Agree on a specific interval (every 6 hours), a primary method (WhatsApp), and fallback methods (SMS, then email). Agree on what “no contact” for 24 hours means and what action your family should take.
• Save local emergency numbers: UAE (999 police, 998 ambulance), Qatar (999), Bahrain (999), Kuwait (112), Saudi Arabia (911), Jordan (911), Oman (9999).
• Consider a satellite communicator such as Garmin inReach or Apple iPhone satellite SOS capability if you anticipate cellular network disruption.
• Join local expat communication channels on WhatsApp or Telegram for real-time information sharing from people on the ground in your specific area.

3. Shelter-in-Place Procedures

If you hear air raid sirens, receive an emergency mobile alert, or hear explosions:

1. Move to an interior room immediately. Choose the room farthest from exterior walls and windows. Bathrooms, interior hallways, and stairwells are preferable. Avoid rooms with large windows or glass facades.
2. Get below window level. Sit or lie on the floor. Position yourself under a sturdy table or desk for protection from falling debris if possible.
3. Stay away from glass. Intercepted missile debris can shatter windows at considerable distances. The most common injury in urban missile events is glass fragmentation wounds.
4. If in a high-rise building (common in Dubai, Doha, and Abu Dhabi), move to a lower floor if time permits. Interior stairwells on floors 3-8 generally provide the best combination of structural protection and distance from ground-level blast effects.
5. Do not go to the roof or balcony to watch interceptions. Curiosity is the most common source of preventable injuries during missile events.
6. Wait for the all-clear signal before leaving shelter. Follow your country’s civil defense app or official government social media channels for confirmation.

Go-Bag Essentials: Your 72-Hour Emergency Kit

Every expat in the Gulf region should have a packed bag ready to grab within 60 seconds. This is standard practice in conflict-affected areas worldwide. Your go-bag should contain:

Critical Documents (Originals + Copies)

• Passport (with at least 6 months validity)
• Residence visa / national ID card (Emirates ID, QID, CPR, Civil ID, Iqama)
• Employment contract or sponsor letter
• Insurance policy documents (health, property, life)
• Marriage certificate and birth certificates for all children
• Photocopies of all documents in a waterproof bag
• Digital copies uploaded to cloud storage (Google Drive, iCloud, Dropbox) as backup

Financial Essentials

• Cash in multiple currencies: US dollars ($1,000-$2,000 minimum), local currency (equivalent of $500), and Omani rials if you are in the UAE or near the Oman border
• Two credit or debit cards from different banks (if one bank’s network goes down, the other may still work)
• Written record of bank account numbers, IBAN/SWIFT codes, and emergency phone numbers for your banks

Survival Items

• Water: minimum 3 liters per person
• Non-perishable food: energy bars, nuts, dried fruit for 72 hours
• First aid kit including any prescription medications (minimum 30-day supply)
• Phone charger and portable battery bank (fully charged)
• Flashlight with extra batteries
• Dust masks or N95 masks (for debris protection)
• Sturdy closed-toe shoes (not sandals)
• Change of clothes appropriate for both Gulf heat and air-conditioned interiors
• Sunscreen and sunglasses
• Small FM/AM radio as backup if cellular networks go down

If Traveling with Children

• Children’s passports and birth certificates — critical, as some borders may refuse entry to children without documentation proving the parental relationship
• Formula, snacks, and comfort items appropriate for age
• Children’s medication (fever reducers, anti-nausea, any prescriptions)
• A small toy or comfort object to help reduce anxiety
• Written emergency information card in each child’s pocket with your name, phone number, blood type, and embassy contact

Evacuation Routes: Country-by-Country

With Gulf airspace closures affecting commercial aviation, overland evacuation routes become critical. The following options are specific to each country.

From the UAE

• Primary route: UAE to Oman via Al Ain/Al Buraimi — Drive from Dubai or Abu Dhabi to Al Ain (approximately 90 minutes from Dubai, 2 hours from Abu Dhabi), cross the Hili or Al Buraimi border crossing into Oman. Continue to Muscat (approximately 3-4 additional hours) where Muscat International Airport may have operational flights. This is the most reliable evacuation route.
• Secondary route: UAE to Oman via Hatta — The Hatta border crossing is an alternative for those in Dubai, approximately 1.5 hours from central Dubai. This route traverses mountainous terrain but avoids the heavier traffic expected at Al Ain.
• Tertiary route: UAE to Saudi Arabia via Ghuwaifat — Connects Abu Dhabi to Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province. This route is longer and moves toward another High-threat country, but may be viable if your goal is reaching Jeddah or Riyadh airports for onward international flights.

From Qatar

• Primary route: Qatar to Saudi Arabia via Salwa/Abu Samra — The Salwa border crossing connects Qatar to Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province. From there, drive to Dammam (approximately 4 hours) or Riyadh (approximately 5.5 hours) for onward flights. Drive time from Doha to the border is approximately 1 hour.
• Note: Qatar has no other land borders. If the Saudi border is congested, the only alternative is maritime evacuation. This requires advance planning and is not viable for most civilians without pre-arranged charter or embassy assistance.

From Bahrain

• Primary route: Bahrain to Saudi Arabia via King Fahd Causeway — The 25-kilometer causeway is the only land exit from Bahrain. Drive time is approximately 30 minutes under normal conditions but could be significantly longer during a mass evacuation. From the Saudi side, continue to Dammam, Riyadh, or Jeddah.
• Critical constraint: The King Fahd Causeway is a single chokepoint. If it is closed or severely congested, there is no land alternative. Maritime evacuation via private vessel would be the only remaining option. This makes Bahrain the most evacuation- constrained country in the Gulf.

From Kuwait

• Primary route: Kuwait to Saudi Arabia via Al Nuwaiseeb — The Al Nuwaiseeb/Al Khafji border crossing connects southern Kuwait to Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province. Drive time from Kuwait City is approximately 1.5 hours.
• Alternative: The Iraq border is not recommended for civilian evacuation due to the security situation in southern Iraq.

From Saudi Arabia

• Best option: Relocate to western Saudi Arabia — If you are in the Eastern Province (near Aramco facilities and closer to Iranian missile range), consider domestic relocation to Jeddah or Riyadh. Jeddah’s King Abdulaziz International Airport is the Gulf-region airport most likely to maintain or quickly resume international operations, as it sits on the Red Sea coast — the opposite side of the Arabian Peninsula from Iran.
• Exit via Jeddah: King Abdulaziz International Airport serves as a hub for Saudia (Saudi Airlines) and multiple international carriers with routes to Europe, Africa, and South Asia.

From Jordan

• Best option: Queen Alia International Airport (Amman) — Jordan’s main airport is likely to resume normal operations sooner than any Gulf airport. It is a hub for Royal Jordanian and multiple international carriers with routes to Europe and beyond.
• Land exit: Jordan shares borders with Saudi Arabia, Israel, Iraq, and Syria. The Saudi border is viable for southward travel. The Allenby Bridge crossing to Israel may be complicated during a broader regional conflict.

The Stay vs. Leave Decision Framework

This is the most personal decision you will make during this crisis. There is no universally correct answer. Use this structured framework to make a rational assessment rather than reacting to either fear or inertia.

Strongly Consider Leaving If:

• You have young children. Children are the most vulnerable to both physical danger and psychological trauma from conflict exposure. Their safety margin should be the widest.
• You live within 20 kilometers of a US military base. This places you in the primary target zone for subsequent Iranian strikes.
• You have a medical condition requiring reliable hospital access. Medical infrastructure may become overwhelmed or inaccessible during sustained hostilities.
• Your employer has issued an evacuation recommendation. Companies typically have access to private security intelligence that informs these decisions. Follow their guidance.
• You are in Bahrain. The combination of extreme proximity to Iran, tiny geographic size, and the 5th Fleet headquarters creates a risk profile that is difficult to mitigate through personal preparedness alone.
• Your accommodation lacks a viable shelter location. If your home is entirely glass-walled (common in Gulf high-rise towers) with no interior safe room, your shelter options during an attack are inadequate.
• Your embassy has issued a departure recommendation. When your own government says leave, that signal is based on classified intelligence you do not have access to.

Staying May Be Reasonable If:

• You are in Oman or western Saudi Arabia (Jeddah/Riyadh). These locations are outside the primary strike zone.
• Your building has a designated safe room or shelter. Many newer buildings in the Gulf include civil defense features. Verify the location and access procedure with your building management.
• Your employer is providing shelter and security arrangements. Major Gulf employers (oil companies, banks, large multinationals) maintain crisis management protocols and may have on-site shelter capabilities.
• You have no viable exit route. If airports are closed and you cannot drive to a border crossing (no vehicle, no license valid in neighboring countries), a forced departure into an uncertain situation may carry more risk than staying with proper preparation.
• You have essential professional obligations (medical professionals, critical infrastructure workers) and your employer has provided enhanced security and shelter.
• You are far from military targets. If you are in Fujairah (UAE), Al Ain, or a residential area 50+ kilometers from any military installation, your direct strike risk is lower.

The 72-Hour Rule

If you are genuinely undecided, apply this approach: prepare to shelter in place for 72 hours while simultaneously completing your evacuation preparations (go-bag packed, route planned, vehicle fueled). Reassess your situation every 24 hours based on new developments. If any of the following occur, execute your departure immediately:

• Additional Iranian strikes hit your country
• Your embassy upgrades its warning to “leave immediately”
• Your employer issues an evacuation order
• Evacuation routes you depend on begin to close or become congested
• Essential supplies (water, food, fuel, medication) become scarce

The universal error in crisis evacuations is waiting for the “perfect” moment to leave. It never comes. If you are leaning toward leaving, leave now while routes are open. Every hour of delay increases competition for the same limited exit corridors.

Family Evacuation Considerations

Evacuating with a family requires planning beyond what a single adult needs. The following are critical.

Documentation

Border crossings during a crisis may have heightened document scrutiny:

• Both parents’ passports and all children’s passports must be immediately accessible
• Birth certificates proving parental relationship — some border guards may refuse entry to children without proof, particularly when only one parent is traveling
• Custody documentation if applicable — single parents, divorced parents, or those traveling without a spouse should carry court orders or notarized consent letters
• School records and transcripts — needed if you expect to enroll children in a new school at your destination

Splitting the Family

In some situations, it may be safer to evacuate children and a primary caregiver first while the working parent stays to manage logistics. If you adopt this approach:

• Designate a specific reunification point (a hotel, a family member’s home, etc.)
• Ensure both parties have independent access to sufficient funds
• Establish a daily communication schedule with a fallback method
• Set a hard deadline — a specific date by which the remaining parent will also depart, regardless of work obligations

Children’s Psychological Welfare

• Explain the situation in age-appropriate terms. For young children: “We are going on a trip to stay safe while some problems get fixed.”
• Maintain routines as much as possible — mealtimes, bedtimes, familiar activities
• Allow each child to bring one comfort item (stuffed animal, blanket, book)
• Limit children’s exposure to news coverage and adult discussions about the conflict
• Watch for signs of stress: sleep disruption, regression in behavior, clinginess, withdrawal, or changes in eating habits

Pet Evacuation

Evacuating with animals significantly complicates border crossings:

• Oman generally requires a pet import permit, veterinary certificate, and rabies vaccination record — arrange these in advance if possible
• Saudi Arabia has specific breed restrictions and documentation requirements
• If you cannot take your pet, identify a trusted friend, neighbor, or pet boarding facility. This is heartbreaking but may be necessary for a rapid departure.

For general guidance, see our moving abroad with pets guide.

Financial Implications and Protections

Military conflict creates immediate financial pressures that most expats are unprepared for. Address these proactively.

Banking and Cash Access

• Withdraw cash now. ATM networks may be disrupted or overwhelmed. Withdraw the maximum your bank allows in both local currency and US dollars. Divide cash between your go-bag and a secondary secure location.
• Verify international banking access. If all your accounts are with local Gulf banks (Emirates NBD, QNB, National Bank of Bahrain, etc.), you may have difficulty accessing funds from abroad. If you have accounts in your home country, verify online access works and that your cards function internationally.
• Transfer a portion of savings. If you have significant savings in Gulf bank accounts, consider transferring a portion to a bank in your home country or a stable third country. Banking systems can experience disruptions during prolonged crises.
• Multi-currency services: Wise (formerly TransferWise), Revolut, and similar platforms may process transfers faster than traditional bank wires during a crisis. Set up an account now if you do not already have one.

For comprehensive expat banking strategies, see our expat banking guide.

Insurance War Exclusions

• Health insurance: Most international health insurance policies exclude coverage for injuries sustained during acts of war. Some policies (Cigna Global, Aetna International) offer optional war risk riders — check if your policy includes this. If not, understand that you may be personally liable for medical costs from conflict-related injuries.
• Property insurance: Standard property insurance in the Gulf typically excludes war damage. Your landlord’s building insurance also likely excludes it. Document any damage with photos, videos, and timestamps regardless — policies evolve and documentation protects future claims.
• Life insurance: Many life insurance policies include a war exclusion that may void coverage if the insured dies in a war zone. Some policies except civilian non-combatants. Review your specific policy language immediately.
• Travel insurance: If purchasing travel insurance to cover an evacuation, verify it covers “known events.” Many policies exclude situations that existed before the policy was purchased.

For more on expat health coverage, see our expat health insurance guide.

Employer Obligations

• Company evacuation policy: Many large employers in the Gulf (oil companies, banks, consulting firms, international organizations) maintain crisis evacuation plans and budgets. Ask your HR department directly: “Does the company have an evacuation plan, and am I covered?” Get the answer in writing.
• End-of-service benefits: If you resign or are terminated during the crisis, Gulf labor laws still generally entitle you to end-of-service gratuity based on years of employment. UAE law, for example, provides one month’s basic salary per year for the first five years. Do not forfeit this by leaving without formal notification to your employer.
• Visa sponsorship: Your residence visa is tied to your employer in most Gulf states. If your employer shuts down operations, your visa may become invalid. Understand the grace period in your country (typically 30 days in the UAE after employment termination) and plan accordingly.
• Remote work: If you evacuate but wish to continue working, discuss remote work arrangements with your employer before departing. Get approval in writing to protect both parties.

Rent and Property

• Rental contracts: Most Gulf rental agreements do not include force majeure or war clauses. You may remain legally liable for rent even if you evacuate. Communicate with your landlord early — many will be understanding given the circumstances, and early negotiation is always better than abandonment.
• Mortgages: If you have a mortgage on Gulf property, payment obligations continue regardless of the security situation. Contact your bank to discuss temporary arrangements before defaulting.
• Vehicles: If you drive across a border, you need your vehicle registration card and insurance valid in the destination country. Financed vehicles cannot legally be taken across borders without the finance company’s written permission.

Where Gulf Expats Are Relocating

Whether you need a temporary safe haven or are reconsidering your long-term positioning entirely, the following destinations are where Gulf-based expats are currently directing their attention.

Short-Term Safe Havens (1-3 Months)

• Oman — The nearest and most natural option. No visa required for many nationalities, English spoken, similar Gulf culture at a lower cost. Muscat has international schools, healthcare facilities, and a functioning airport. See the Oman profile.
• Jordan — Lower threat level, established expat community, reasonable cost of living, visa-friendly for most Western passport holders. See the Jordan profile.
• Turkey — Outside the immediate conflict zone, extensive flights, affordable cost of living, large existing Gulf expat community (particularly in Istanbul). See the Turkey guide.
• Georgia — Visa-free for most nationalities for up to one year, extremely affordable, growing international community, quick to reach from the Gulf. See the Georgia guide.

Longer-Term Alternatives

If this crisis prompts a fundamental reassessment of your base, these destinations offer comparable advantages to the Gulf (low or zero income tax, high quality of life, business-friendly environments) without proximity to the conflict zone:

• Portugal — NHR tax regime, Golden Visa (investment-based), high quality of life, established and growing expat community. See the Portugal guide.
• Singapore — Premier Asian business and finance hub, zero capital gains tax, world-class infrastructure, English as a primary language. See the Singapore guide.
• Malaysia — Low cost of living, MM2H visa program, tropical climate, English widely spoken in business and daily life. See the Malaysia guide.
• Cyprus — EU membership, 12.5% corporate tax, Mediterranean lifestyle, many Gulf-linked business communities. See the Cyprus guide.
• Malta — EU membership, English-speaking, favorable tax programs for foreign residents, strong fintech and gaming sectors. See the Malta guide.
• Estonia — e-Residency program, EU membership, highly digital-first society, favorable corporate tax (0% on retained earnings). See the Estonia guide.

Use our country finder tool to filter destinations by your specific priorities: safety score, tax rates, cost of living, visa accessibility, healthcare quality, and more. The cost of living calculator lets you compare expenses directly against your current Gulf city.

Managing Information During a Crisis

Misinformation spreads faster than missiles during a military crisis. Unverified claims on social media can cause panic that is more dangerous than actual threats. Follow these principles.

Trusted Sources

• Your country’s embassy — the most relevant source for your specific situation as a foreign national
• Host country civil defense — UAE NCEMA, Qatar Civil Defense, Bahrain Civil Defense, Kuwait KUNA
• Major wire services — Reuters, Associated Press, and AFP maintain rigorous verification standards
• Established international news organizations with correspondents on the ground

What to Distrust

• Unverified social media posts claiming specific casualty numbers that official sources have not confirmed
• Videos and images that cannot be geolocated or timestamped to the current event
• Accounts you did not follow before the crisis began that are suddenly appearing in your feed
• “Breaking” claims that are not corroborated by at least two major news organizations within 30 minutes
• Forwarded messages with emotional language designed to provoke fear or outrage rather than inform

Protecting Your Mental Health

Constant news consumption during a crisis is corrosive to mental health and impairs the clear thinking you need for decision-making. Set specific times to check for updates (every 2-3 hours is sufficient). Between those windows, focus on actionable preparation rather than passive consumption of alarming content. This is not denial — it is tactical information management that preserves your ability to act rationally when it matters.

Embassy and Emergency Contacts by Country

UAE

• NCEMA (National Emergency Crisis and Disasters Management Authority): ncema.gov.ae
• US Embassy Abu Dhabi: ae.usembassy.gov / +971-2-414-2200
• UK Embassy Abu Dhabi: gov.uk
• Emergency: 999 (police), 998 (ambulance)

Qatar

• US Embassy Doha: qa.usembassy.gov / +974-4496-6000
• Emergency: 999

Bahrain

• US Embassy Manama: bh.usembassy.gov / +973-1724-2700
• Emergency: 999

Kuwait

• US Embassy Kuwait: kw.usembassy.gov / +965-2259-1001
• Emergency: 112

Saudi Arabia

• US Embassy Riyadh: sa.usembassy.gov / +966-11-488-3800
• Emergency: 911 (police), 997 (ambulance), 998 (civil defense)

Jordan

• US Embassy Amman: jo.usembassy.gov / +962-6-590-6000
• Emergency: 911

Oman

• US Embassy Muscat: om.usembassy.gov / +968-2464-3400
• Emergency: 9999

Passport and Visa Considerations for Emergency Travel

• Oman visa on arrival: Citizens of the US, UK, EU member states, Australia, Canada, and many other countries can obtain a visa on arrival or e-visa for Oman. However, processing at land borders during a mass evacuation may be extended. Apply for an Oman e-visa online now as a precaution.
• Saudi Arabia: Many nationalities now qualify for Saudi tourist e-visas. Check your eligibility and apply in advance so you have it ready if needed. During a humanitarian crisis, border authorities may exercise discretion, but having documentation removes uncertainty.
• Passport validity: Many countries require at least 6 months of passport validity for entry. If your passport expires within 6 months, contact your embassy about emergency renewal immediately.
• Exit permits: The UAE abolished employer-controlled exit permits in 2021, and Qatar reformed its system in 2020. Verify current requirements for your specific country and visa type.

For a comprehensive view of your passport’s visa-free destinations and travel power, use our Passport Explorer.

24-Hour Action Checklist

Complete the following within the next 24 hours regardless of whether you plan to stay or leave:

1. Register with your embassy via STEP (US), Smartraveller (AU), or equivalent
2. Pack your go-bag with all items listed above
3. Withdraw maximum cash in local currency and US dollars from ATMs
4. Fill your vehicle’s fuel tank completely
5. Download offline maps for your evacuation route
6. Contact your employer about their crisis response plan
7. Review your insurance policies for war exclusion clauses
8. Establish a family communication protocol with check-in times and fallback methods
9. Photograph all important documents and upload to cloud storage
10. Identify your shelter-in-place location — the safest interior room in your home
11. Save all emergency numbers for local services, your embassy, and your employer’s crisis line
12. Make a decision using the framework above and communicate it clearly to your family, employer, and embassy

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it safe to stay in the Gulf right now?

It depends entirely on your specific country and circumstances. Oman is the safest Gulf country with a Low threat level — it was not targeted and maintains neutral relations with Iran. The UAE, Qatar, and Bahrain carry Critical threat levels due to confirmed or anticipated strikes and proximity to US military bases. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are at High threat levels. Use the decision framework above to assess your personal situation rather than relying on a blanket answer.

Can I fly out of the Gulf right now?

As of the immediate aftermath of the February 28 strikes, all Gulf airspace was temporarily closed. The situation is evolving rapidly. Muscat International Airport in Oman is the most likely regional airport to maintain or quickly resume operations due to Oman’s neutral status. Jeddah’s King Abdulaziz International Airport on Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coast is the next most viable option, as it is geographically distant from Iranian missile range. Monitor airline and airport status directly rather than relying on social media reports.

Will my employer pay for my evacuation?

This depends on your employment contract and your employer’s policies. Major multinational companies, oil and gas firms, and international organizations typically have crisis evacuation provisions and budgets. Smaller local employers often do not. Contact HR immediately and get any commitments in writing. If your employer does not cover evacuation costs, budget $3,000-$10,000 per person for emergency relocation including transport, temporary accommodation, and essential supplies.

What about my end-of-service gratuity if I leave?

Your entitlement to end-of-service gratuity does not disappear because you leave during a crisis. Under UAE labor law, for example, you are entitled to gratuity regardless of whether you resign or are terminated. However, you must formally notify your employer. Simply leaving the country without communication could be treated as abandonment, which may affect your entitlements. Submit a written resignation or request leave, even if doing so by email from Oman.

Should I send my family ahead while I stay for work?

This is a common approach among Gulf expats during crises. If your family includes young children or family members with medical needs, getting them to safety first while you manage logistics and work obligations is a reasonable strategy. Ensure the departing family members have independent access to funds, all necessary documents, and a clear communication plan. Set a hard deadline for your own departure regardless of work situation.

Can I break my rental lease without penalty?

Most Gulf rental contracts do not include force majeure or war clauses, meaning you may remain technically liable for rent. However, most landlords will be reasonable during a genuine military crisis. Communicate your situation in writing, propose a settlement (such as forfeiting the security deposit in exchange for lease termination), and keep copies of all correspondence. If the entire building is evacuated, your negotiating position improves significantly.

Is the drive from UAE to Oman safe right now?

The Al Ain/Al Buraimi and Hatta border crossings between the UAE and Oman have historically remained operational during regional tensions. Border wait times may be significantly increased during a mass departure. Carry all required documents (passport, vehicle registration, insurance valid for Oman). Fill your fuel tank completely before departing. Drive during daylight hours. The route itself passes through safe territory far from military targets.

What happens to my UAE property if I leave?

Property ownership is not affected by your physical location. You retain legal ownership of any purchased property in the UAE regardless of whether you are in the country. Mortgage obligations continue. Appoint a power of attorney if you expect to be away for an extended period so someone can manage your property affairs. Document the property’s condition before departing with photos and video for insurance purposes.

How do I check visa requirements for alternative countries?

Use our Passport Explorer to see visa-free destinations for your specific passport. For detailed country comparisons including visa accessibility, cost of living, safety scores, and quality of life, use our country finder or comparison tool.

Final Thoughts

The Gulf region has weathered security crises before. The 1991 Gulf War, the 2019 Aramco attacks, and previous regional tensions all resulted in eventual normalization and recovery. The Gulf states have demonstrated remarkable resilience historically. But “eventual recovery” is measured in months or years, and the interim period carries real personal risk that each expat must assess honestly.

Whatever you decide, decide deliberately. Use the framework and checklists in this guide to make a structured assessment rather than reacting to panic or paralysis. Register with your embassy, prepare your go-bag, understand your routes, and communicate your plan to the people who depend on you.

If you do decide to relocate — temporarily or permanently — remember that the skills, adaptability, and international experience that brought you to the Gulf are valuable everywhere. WhereNext can help you evaluate your options with data rather than guesswork. Use our country finder, comparison tool, or cost of living calculator to start planning your next chapter.

Stay safe. Stay informed. Stay ready.