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Compare 50+ citizenship pathways across descent, naturalization, investment, and marriage routes. Filter by ancestry, budget, timeline, and EU access.
Powered by our citizenship pathway research · methodology
Data last updated: March 2026
Quick answer
The WhereNext Second Passport Route Finder maps every realistic pathway to a second citizenship: citizenship by descent (Italy, Ireland, Poland, Lithuania — often the cheapest if eligible), citizenship by naturalisation (Portugal 5y, Spain 10y, Germany 5y under 2024 reform, etc.), citizenship by investment (St Kitts $250K donation, Antigua $230K, Grenada $235K, Dominica $200K, Turkey $400K real-estate), citizenship by marriage, and humanitarian / special routes. Filter by your eligibility (heritage, time available, capital), get a route ranking with 2026 thresholds + processing times + visa-free destinations granted. Sources: official immigration portals + verified citizenship-by-descent eligibility rules per country.
Key facts
EU passports (Italian, Portuguese, Irish) unlock freedom-of-movement to 29 EU/EEA destinations. US/UK/AU give visa-free access but no FoM. Caribbean CBI passports (Dominica, St Kitts) give Schengen visa-free access but limited US.
Verified · WhereNext visa requirements registry
| Passport | FoM | Visa-free | VoA | e-Visa | Visa req. | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 US | 0 | 74 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 94 |
| 🇬🇧 GB | 0 | 74 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 94 |
| 🇵🇹 PT | 29 | 45 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 94 |
| 🇹🇷 TR | 0 | 39 | 5 | 9 | 41 | 94 |
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Eligibility indicators are directional. Citizenship law is complex — consult an immigration attorney for formal applications.
The tool catalogs 50+ citizenship pathways across descent, naturalization, investment, and marriage routes. Filter by ancestry, budget, timeline, and EU access to discover which second passport options you may qualify for.
Citizenship by descent lets you claim nationality through ancestry — typically parents or grandparents who were citizens. Over 20 countries including Ireland, Italy, Poland, and Hungary offer this route, sometimes reaching back multiple generations with no residency requirement.
The tool covers active investment citizenship and golden visa programs including Portugal, Greece, Malta, Turkey, St Kitts & Nevis, Dominica, Antigua & Barbuda, Grenada, Vanuatu, and Jordan — with current minimum investment amounts and processing timelines.