{"meta":{"title":"2026 Global Relocation Index","version":"2026.1","source":"WhereNext (getwherenext.com)","license":"CC BY 4.0","updated":"2026-04-16","releases":"https://getwherenext.com/data/releases","countries":95,"dimensions":["cost","safety","healthcare","education","career","lifestyle","infrastructure"],"methodology":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","report":"https://getwherenext.com/data/global-relocation-index-2026","csv":"https://getwherenext.com/api/data/relocation-index/csv","provenance_endpoint":"https://getwherenext.com/api/data/relocation-index?provenance=true","provenance_schema":{"description":"Each row includes a `provenance` object with per-dimension source attribution, composition weights, normalisation method, fallback rules, and confidence interpretation.","fields_documented":["cost","safety","healthcare","education","career","lifestyle","infrastructure"],"sources_registry_size":23,"method":"weighted_average","reference":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology"}},"data":[{"rank":1,"country_code":"sg","country":"Singapore","region":"Asia","composite_score":70,"cost":7,"safety":100,"healthcare":98,"education":100,"career":100,"lifestyle":75,"infrastructure":100,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":7,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":15.18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":17.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":21.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":36.68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":95,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":2,"country_code":"jp","country":"Japan","region":"Asia","composite_score":67,"cost":30,"safety":93,"healthcare":100,"education":100,"career":98,"lifestyle":48,"infrastructure":100,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":30.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":30.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":36.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":46.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":89,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":94,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":3,"country_code":"ch","country":"Switzerland","region":"Europe","composite_score":67,"cost":0,"safety":98,"healthcare":100,"education":86,"career":100,"lifestyle":66,"infrastructure":100,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":93,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":8.07,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":11.3,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":18.22,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":30.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":94,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":86,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":66,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":4,"country_code":"dk","country":"Denmark","region":"Europe","composite_score":66,"cost":10,"safety":100,"healthcare":100,"education":84,"career":89,"lifestyle":77,"infrastructure":93,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":10,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":19.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":24.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":36.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":89,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":84,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":94,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":5,"country_code":"nl","country":"Netherlands","region":"Europe","composite_score":66,"cost":25,"safety":83,"healthcare":94,"education":83,"career":100,"lifestyle":81,"infrastructure":98,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":25,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":27.15,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":27.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":32.92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":43.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":61,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":93,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":91,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":6,"country_code":"ie","country":"Ireland","region":"Europe","composite_score":66,"cost":15,"safety":100,"healthcare":81,"education":97,"career":98,"lifestyle":83,"infrastructure":80,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":15,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":20.91,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":22.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":28.02,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":36.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":89,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":97,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":95,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":7,"country_code":"ca","country":"Canada","region":"Americas","composite_score":65,"cost":20,"safety":95,"healthcare":83,"education":98,"career":94,"lifestyle":78,"infrastructure":85,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":20,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":24.18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":24.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":30.14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":39.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":95,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":91,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":8,"country_code":"at","country":"Austria","region":"Europe","composite_score":65,"cost":20,"safety":100,"healthcare":98,"education":81,"career":85,"lifestyle":73,"infrastructure":91,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":20,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":24.42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":24.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":30.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":40.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":9,"country_code":"de","country":"Germany","region":"Europe","composite_score":65,"cost":28,"safety":88,"healthcare":98,"education":78,"career":100,"lifestyle":72,"infrastructure":85,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":28,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":29.19,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":29.3,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":33.82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":42.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":88,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":10,"country_code":"hk","country":"Hong Kong","region":"Asia","composite_score":65,"cost":0,"safety":67,"healthcare":96,"education":100,"career":100,"lifestyle":76,"infrastructure":100,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":11.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":21,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":33.24,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":96,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":91,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":93,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":11,"country_code":"kr","country":"South Korea","region":"Asia","composite_score":64,"cost":27,"safety":76,"healthcare":94,"education":100,"career":91,"lifestyle":62,"infrastructure":100,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":27,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":28.44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":28.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":34.14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":44.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":12,"country_code":"fi","country":"Finland","region":"Europe","composite_score":64,"cost":13,"safety":93,"healthcare":100,"education":84,"career":87,"lifestyle":73,"infrastructure":89,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":20.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":21.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":24.82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":37.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":89,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":84,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":49,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":13,"country_code":"se","country":"Sweden","region":"Europe","composite_score":64,"cost":15,"safety":86,"healthcare":98,"education":84,"career":91,"lifestyle":75,"infrastructure":89,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":15,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":21.09,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":22.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":26.26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":37.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":86,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":84,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":14,"country_code":"lu","country":"Luxembourg","region":"Europe","composite_score":64,"cost":0,"safety":88,"healthcare":100,"education":77,"career":100,"lifestyle":72,"infrastructure":93,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":91,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":10.35,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":13.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":19.56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":31.12,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":88,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":89,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":57,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":15,"country_code":"gb","country":"United Kingdom","region":"Europe","composite_score":64,"cost":17,"safety":76,"healthcare":85,"education":100,"career":100,"lifestyle":75,"infrastructure":89,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":21.9,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":28.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":38.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":95,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":16,"country_code":"be","country":"Belgium","region":"Europe","composite_score":64,"cost":27,"safety":83,"healthcare":94,"education":94,"career":85,"lifestyle":73,"infrastructure":87,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":27,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":28.62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":28.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":33.26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":42.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":83,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":17,"country_code":"au","country":"Australia","region":"Oceania","composite_score":63,"cost":18,"safety":81,"healthcare":83,"education":95,"career":91,"lifestyle":87,"infrastructure":83,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":18,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":23.19,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":23.9,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":33.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":38.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":95,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":83,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":18,"country_code":"no","country":"Norway","region":"Europe","composite_score":63,"cost":0,"safety":86,"healthcare":100,"education":77,"career":94,"lifestyle":75,"infrastructure":93,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":11.58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":18.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":31.84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":86,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":93,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":19,"country_code":"tw","country":"Taiwan","region":"Asia","composite_score":63,"cost":42,"safety":76,"healthcare":94,"education":100,"career":85,"lifestyle":59,"infrastructure":87,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":42,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":38.07,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":36.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":40.94,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":49,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":20,"country_code":"pt","country":"Portugal","region":"Europe","composite_score":62,"cost":37,"safety":100,"healthcare":83,"education":84,"career":70,"lifestyle":82,"infrastructure":74,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":35.34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":33.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":43.22,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":44.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":84,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":82,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":83,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":21,"country_code":"nz","country":"New Zealand","region":"Oceania","composite_score":61,"cost":23,"safety":100,"healthcare":79,"education":94,"career":72,"lifestyle":86,"infrastructure":69,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":23,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":26.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":26.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":34.34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":38.28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":79,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":83,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":86,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":22,"country_code":"is","country":"Iceland","region":"Europe","composite_score":60,"cost":0,"safety":100,"healthcare":98,"education":70,"career":77,"lifestyle":69,"infrastructure":81,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":9.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":12.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":15.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":28.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":95,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":23,"country_code":"es","country":"Spain","region":"Europe","composite_score":60,"cost":43,"safety":76,"healthcare":89,"education":86,"career":74,"lifestyle":73,"infrastructure":81,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":39.42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":37.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":45.68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":48.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":86,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":24,"country_code":"ee","country":"Estonia","region":"Europe","composite_score":60,"cost":45,"safety":81,"healthcare":77,"education":94,"career":83,"lifestyle":69,"infrastructure":76,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":40.23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":38.3,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":40.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":48.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":83,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":51,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":25,"country_code":"si","country":"Slovenia","region":"Europe","composite_score":60,"cost":43,"safety":100,"healthcare":77,"education":89,"career":64,"lifestyle":74,"infrastructure":70,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":39.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":37.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":42.38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":47.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":26,"country_code":"fr","country":"France","region":"Europe","composite_score":60,"cost":22,"safety":69,"healthcare":96,"education":77,"career":87,"lifestyle":64,"infrastructure":91,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":22,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":25.41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":25.7,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":32.9,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":40.92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":96,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":27,"country_code":"ae","country":"United Arab Emirates","region":"Middle East","composite_score":59,"cost":22,"safety":88,"healthcare":79,"education":56,"career":85,"lifestyle":72,"infrastructure":96,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":22,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":25.47,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":25.7,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":27.18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":41.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":88,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":79,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":96,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":28,"country_code":"cz","country":"Czechia","region":"Europe","composite_score":58,"cost":40,"safety":95,"healthcare":79,"education":77,"career":77,"lifestyle":64,"infrastructure":72,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":40,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":37.26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":35.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":39.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":46.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":95,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":79,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":29,"country_code":"mt","country":"Malta","region":"Europe","composite_score":58,"cost":35,"safety":83,"healthcare":81,"education":56,"career":72,"lifestyle":94,"infrastructure":78,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":35,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":34.23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":32.9,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":43.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":44.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":94,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":30,"country_code":"lt","country":"Lithuania","region":"Europe","composite_score":57,"cost":57,"safety":81,"healthcare":68,"education":88,"career":68,"lifestyle":65,"infrastructure":78,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":44.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":45.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":54.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":88,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":65,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":31,"country_code":"lv","country":"Latvia","region":"Europe","composite_score":55,"cost":55,"safety":79,"healthcare":64,"education":84,"career":64,"lifestyle":65,"infrastructure":78,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":57,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":47.07,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":43.7,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":44.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":53.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":79,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":84,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":65,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":51,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":32,"country_code":"my","country":"Malaysia","region":"Asia","composite_score":55,"cost":70,"safety":95,"healthcare":70,"education":45,"career":70,"lifestyle":60,"infrastructure":78,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":56.34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":51.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":53.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":59.84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":95,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":33,"country_code":"pl","country":"Poland","region":"Europe","composite_score":55,"cost":47,"safety":79,"healthcare":53,"education":88,"career":74,"lifestyle":65,"infrastructure":78,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":41.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":39.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":42.18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":49.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":79,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":53,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":88,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":65,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":57,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":34,"country_code":"it","country":"Italy","region":"Europe","composite_score":55,"cost":32,"safety":76,"healthcare":85,"education":66,"career":68,"lifestyle":69,"infrastructure":74,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":32,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":32.25,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":31.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":39.34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":42.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":66,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":35,"country_code":"sk","country":"Slovakia","region":"Europe","composite_score":54,"cost":53,"safety":86,"healthcare":66,"education":83,"career":62,"lifestyle":63,"infrastructure":63,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":53,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":46.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":42.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":45.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":50.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":86,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":66,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":36,"country_code":"cy","country":"Cyprus","region":"Europe","composite_score":53,"cost":42,"safety":79,"healthcare":72,"education":55,"career":60,"lifestyle":91,"infrastructure":63,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":42,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":38.79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":36.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":46.66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":45.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":79,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":37,"country_code":"hu","country":"Hungary","region":"Europe","composite_score":53,"cost":58,"safety":88,"healthcare":49,"education":83,"career":64,"lifestyle":63,"infrastructure":65,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":58,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":49.17,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":45.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":48.74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":52.84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":88,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":49,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":65,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":38,"country_code":"qa","country":"Qatar","region":"Middle East","composite_score":53,"cost":20,"safety":81,"healthcare":81,"education":45,"career":68,"lifestyle":55,"infrastructure":93,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":20,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":24.9,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":24.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":24.86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":40.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":35,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":39,"country_code":"us","country":"United States","region":"Americas","composite_score":52,"cost":13,"safety":31,"healthcare":55,"education":89,"career":100,"lifestyle":72,"infrastructure":91,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":19.38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":21.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":29.44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":37.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":31,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":89,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":87,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":40,"country_code":"hr","country":"Croatia","region":"Europe","composite_score":52,"cost":50,"safety":90,"healthcare":60,"education":59,"career":57,"lifestyle":78,"infrastructure":63,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":44.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":49.24,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":48.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":90,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":83,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":61,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":41,"country_code":"il","country":"Israel","region":"Middle East","composite_score":50,"cost":17,"safety":0,"healthcare":91,"education":73,"career":98,"lifestyle":76,"infrastructure":81,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":21.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":32.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":37.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":37,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":91,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":98,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":42,"country_code":"uy","country":"Uruguay","region":"Americas","composite_score":49,"cost":42,"safety":64,"healthcare":77,"education":53,"career":60,"lifestyle":73,"infrastructure":59,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":42,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":38.79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":36.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":43.58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":44.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":53,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":57,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":43,"country_code":"cl","country":"Chile","region":"Americas","composite_score":48,"cost":48,"safety":64,"healthcare":68,"education":48,"career":66,"lifestyle":71,"infrastructure":61,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":61,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":42.81,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":40.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":46.26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":47.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":66,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":71,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":61,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":44,"country_code":"bh","country":"Bahrain","region":"Middle East","composite_score":48,"cost":37,"safety":60,"healthcare":72,"education":41,"career":77,"lifestyle":56,"infrastructure":78,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":35.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":33.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":33.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":45.44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":41,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":49,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":45,"country_code":"ro","country":"Romania","region":"Europe","composite_score":47,"cost":70,"safety":81,"healthcare":47,"education":52,"career":62,"lifestyle":64,"infrastructure":50,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":56.58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":51.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":54.42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":55.64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":46,"country_code":"gr","country":"Greece","region":"Europe","composite_score":47,"cost":47,"safety":64,"healthcare":62,"education":48,"career":55,"lifestyle":77,"infrastructure":59,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":42.06,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":39.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":48.56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":46.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":77,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":47,"country_code":"mu","country":"Mauritius","region":"Africa","composite_score":44,"cost":70,"safety":76,"healthcare":51,"education":41,"career":38,"lifestyle":80,"infrastructure":48,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":57.24,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":51.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":59.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":55.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":76,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":41,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":49,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":48,"country_code":"rs","country":"Serbia","region":"Europe","composite_score":44,"cost":75,"safety":69,"healthcare":51,"education":56,"career":43,"lifestyle":63,"infrastructure":48,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":60.27,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":54.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":56.98,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":57.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":49,"country_code":"bg","country":"Bulgaria","region":"Europe","composite_score":44,"cost":78,"safety":81,"healthcare":43,"education":47,"career":47,"lifestyle":62,"infrastructure":46,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":78,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":43,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":62.25,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":56.3,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":58.98,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":58.68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":81,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":79,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":53,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":46,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":50,"country_code":"cr","country":"Costa Rica","region":"Americas","composite_score":44,"cost":57,"safety":67,"healthcare":64,"education":39,"career":51,"lifestyle":61,"infrastructure":52,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":48.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":44.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":50.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":50.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":39,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":61,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":51,"country_code":"kw","country":"Kuwait","region":"Middle East","composite_score":43,"cost":30,"safety":60,"healthcare":68,"education":28,"career":72,"lifestyle":39,"infrastructure":74,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":31.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":30.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":28.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":28,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":39,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":52,"country_code":"om","country":"Oman","region":"Middle East","composite_score":43,"cost":47,"safety":69,"healthcare":64,"education":30,"career":55,"lifestyle":45,"infrastructure":67,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":42.06,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":39.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":39.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":48.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":53,"country_code":"th","country":"Thailand","region":"Asia","composite_score":42,"cost":73,"safety":31,"healthcare":66,"education":36,"career":64,"lifestyle":60,"infrastructure":59,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":58.62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":53.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":55.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":58.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":31,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":66,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":36,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":54,"country_code":"tr","country":"Turkey","region":"Other","composite_score":41,"cost":75,"safety":14,"healthcare":64,"education":52,"career":51,"lifestyle":59,"infrastructure":67,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":60.03,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":54.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":60.06,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":14,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":51,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":55,"country_code":"me","country":"Montenegro","region":"Europe","composite_score":40,"cost":67,"safety":74,"healthcare":43,"education":41,"career":21,"lifestyle":71,"infrastructure":50,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":55.62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":55.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":54.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":41,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":49,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":71,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":56,"country_code":"ar","country":"Argentina","region":"Americas","composite_score":40,"cost":70,"safety":62,"healthcare":60,"education":28,"career":26,"lifestyle":68,"infrastructure":50,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":57.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":51.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":55.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":55.64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":28,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":68,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":57,"country_code":"mk","country":"North Macedonia","region":"Europe","composite_score":39,"cost":83,"safety":69,"healthcare":43,"education":36,"career":26,"lifestyle":59,"infrastructure":48,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":61.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":61.12,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":36,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":58,"country_code":"cn","country":"China","region":"Asia","composite_score":38,"cost":67,"safety":26,"healthcare":64,"education":80,"career":64,"lifestyle":34,"infrastructure":85,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":54.42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":53.3,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":59.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":34,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":35,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":85,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":59,"country_code":"pa","country":"Panama","region":"Americas","composite_score":38,"cost":47,"safety":62,"healthcare":60,"education":16,"career":51,"lifestyle":52,"infrastructure":48,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":42.18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":39.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":42.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":45.28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":60,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":16,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":33,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":60,"country_code":"ge","country":"Georgia","region":"Other","composite_score":37,"cost":87,"safety":62,"healthcare":38,"education":27,"career":26,"lifestyle":64,"infrastructure":50,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":68.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":60.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":63.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":62.84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":27,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":64,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":85,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":61,"country_code":"tt","country":"Trinidad and Tobago","region":"Americas","composite_score":36,"cost":58,"safety":45,"healthcare":43,"education":33,"career":43,"lifestyle":75,"infrastructure":41,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":58,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":49.77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":45.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":51.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":49.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":33,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":90,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":41,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":62,"country_code":"ba","country":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","region":"Europe","composite_score":35,"cost":80,"safety":74,"healthcare":38,"education":27,"career":21,"lifestyle":56,"infrastructure":33,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":64.02,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":57.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":59.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":57.44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":27,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":33,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":63,"country_code":"pe","country":"Peru","region":"Americas","composite_score":35,"cost":83,"safety":48,"healthcare":43,"education":34,"career":30,"lifestyle":62,"infrastructure":33,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":65.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":63.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":58.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":34,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":33,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":64,"country_code":"jo","country":"Jordan","region":"Middle East","composite_score":34,"cost":70,"safety":50,"healthcare":55,"education":23,"career":26,"lifestyle":52,"infrastructure":44,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":70,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":57.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":51.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":54.42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":54.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":23,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":44,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":65,"country_code":"al","country":"Albania","region":"Europe","composite_score":34,"cost":87,"safety":69,"healthcare":30,"education":22,"career":13,"lifestyle":67,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":68.46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":60.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":65.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":69,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":22,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":37,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":66,"country_code":"id","country":"Indonesia","region":"Asia","composite_score":33,"cost":90,"safety":55,"healthcare":38,"education":17,"career":51,"lifestyle":40,"infrastructure":31,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":90,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":69.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":62.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":62.02,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":61.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":40,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":25,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":31,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":67,"country_code":"vn","country":"Vietnam","region":"Asia","composite_score":33,"cost":82,"safety":43,"healthcare":45,"education":58,"career":55,"lifestyle":42,"infrastructure":52,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":82,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":64.11,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":58.1,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":59.66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":58,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":42,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":68,"country_code":"br","country":"Brazil","region":"Americas","composite_score":32,"cost":80,"safety":10,"healthcare":49,"education":28,"career":47,"lifestyle":56,"infrastructure":44,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":63.3,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":57.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":58.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":59.12,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":10,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":49,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":49,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":28,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":44,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":69,"country_code":"mx","country":"Mexico","region":"Americas","composite_score":32,"cost":63,"safety":0,"healthcare":47,"education":30,"career":62,"lifestyle":57,"infrastructure":48,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":52.38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":48.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":55.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":52.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":71,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":70,"country_code":"tn","country":"Tunisia","region":"Africa","composite_score":32,"cost":90,"safety":57,"healthcare":43,"education":16,"career":13,"lifestyle":56,"infrastructure":33,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":90,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":70.56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":62.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":67.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":61.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":16,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":33,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":33,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":71,"country_code":"md","country":"Moldova","region":"Europe","composite_score":31,"cost":93,"safety":57,"healthcare":26,"education":36,"career":9,"lifestyle":51,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":72.78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":64.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":64.68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":63.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":36,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":9,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":72,"country_code":"za","country":"South Africa","region":"Africa","composite_score":31,"cost":75,"safety":21,"healthcare":38,"education":31,"career":47,"lifestyle":74,"infrastructure":56,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":75,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":60.15,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":54.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":60.06,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":58.64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":31,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":43,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":74,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":75,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":73,"country_code":"ma","country":"Morocco","region":"Africa","composite_score":30,"cost":87,"safety":52,"healthcare":30,"education":14,"career":21,"lifestyle":56,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":68.22,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":60.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":65.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":14,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":56,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":74,"country_code":"ph","country":"Philippines","region":"Asia","composite_score":30,"cost":92,"safety":45,"healthcare":21,"education":13,"career":43,"lifestyle":59,"infrastructure":26,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":92,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":35,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":70.77,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":63.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":62.14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":61.36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":45,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":31,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":59,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":75,"country_code":"sa","country":"Saudi Arabia","region":"Middle East","composite_score":30,"cost":63,"safety":31,"healthcare":55,"education":30,"career":47,"lifestyle":37,"infrastructure":63,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":52.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":48.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":45.14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":54.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":31,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":35,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":63,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":76,"country_code":"do","country":"Dominican Republic","region":"Americas","composite_score":28,"cost":80,"safety":52,"healthcare":34,"education":6,"career":21,"lifestyle":53,"infrastructure":30,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":64.02,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":57.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":56.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":34,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":6,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":27,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":53,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":77,"country_code":"in","country":"India","region":"Asia","composite_score":28,"cost":100,"safety":24,"healthcare":28,"education":28,"career":72,"lifestyle":44,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":75.18,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":64.5,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":66.64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":24,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":28,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":28,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":41,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":72,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":44,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":78,"country_code":"co","country":"Colombia","region":"Americas","composite_score":27,"cost":87,"safety":0,"healthcare":38,"education":23,"career":36,"lifestyle":51,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":67.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":60.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":62.66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":43,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":23,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":36,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":51,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":79,"country_code":"lk","country":"Sri Lanka","region":"Asia","composite_score":26,"cost":97,"safety":43,"healthcare":38,"education":20,"career":21,"lifestyle":55,"infrastructure":26,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":97,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":74.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":66.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":65.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":63.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":63,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":60,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":20,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":55,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":26,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":80,"country_code":"jm","country":"Jamaica","region":"Americas","composite_score":26,"cost":67,"safety":38,"healthcare":30,"education":25,"career":17,"lifestyle":71,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":67,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":55.74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":54.84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":52.24,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":38,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":61,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":25,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":39,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":71,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":81,"country_code":"ec","country":"Ecuador","region":"Americas","composite_score":26,"cost":83,"safety":33,"healthcare":47,"education":20,"career":21,"lifestyle":52,"infrastructure":33,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":83,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":66.12,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":62.86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":58.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":33,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":59,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":47,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":20,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":73,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":33,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":82,"country_code":"mn","country":"Mongolia","region":"Asia","composite_score":25,"cost":87,"safety":50,"healthcare":21,"education":22,"career":4,"lifestyle":35,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.8,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":87,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":68.7,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":60.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":56.28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.88,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":50,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":22,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":37,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":4,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":35,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.8,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.8,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":83,"country_code":"eg","country":"Egypt","region":"Africa","composite_score":22,"cost":97,"safety":17,"healthcare":34,"education":13,"career":30,"lifestyle":43,"infrastructure":37,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":97,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":74.28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":66.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":64.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":65.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":34,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":31,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":37,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":84,"country_code":"fj","country":"Fiji","region":"Oceania","composite_score":22,"cost":73,"safety":52,"healthcare":21,"education":23,"career":0,"lifestyle":65,"infrastructure":11,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":73,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":60.42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":53.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":55.76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":51.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":52,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":67,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":23,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":65,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":74,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":11,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":85,"country_code":"rw","country":"Rwanda","region":"Africa","composite_score":21,"cost":93,"safety":48,"healthcare":17,"education":0,"career":17,"lifestyle":57,"infrastructure":19,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":72.54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":64.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":68.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":60.96,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":64,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":80,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":19,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":86,"country_code":"gh","country":"Ghana","region":"Africa","composite_score":20,"cost":93,"safety":55,"healthcare":13,"education":5,"career":17,"lifestyle":49,"infrastructure":11,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":93,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":72.54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":64.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":62.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":59.84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":55,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":13,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":5,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":49,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":11,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":87,"country_code":"ke","country":"Kenya","region":"Africa","composite_score":19,"cost":90,"safety":7,"healthcare":17,"education":11,"career":30,"lifestyle":62,"infrastructure":19,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":90,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":70.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":62.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":67.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":59.52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":7,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":11,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":62,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":19,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":88,"country_code":"kh","country":"Cambodia","region":"Asia","composite_score":18,"cost":100,"safety":48,"healthcare":4,"education":2,"career":9,"lifestyle":43,"infrastructure":22,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":76.98,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":66.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":64.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":4,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":2,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":24,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":9,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":43,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":84,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":22,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":89,"country_code":"np","country":"Nepal","region":"Asia","composite_score":17,"cost":100,"safety":57,"healthcare":9,"education":0,"career":0,"lifestyle":42,"infrastructure":0,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":81.66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":71.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":70.48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":63.92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":57,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":69,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":9,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":42,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":90,"country_code":"gt","country":"Guatemala","region":"Americas","composite_score":16,"cost":90,"safety":21,"healthcare":17,"education":9,"career":4,"lifestyle":46,"infrastructure":11,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":90,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":70.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":62.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":65.32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":58.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":54,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":50,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":9,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":29,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":4,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":46,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":70,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":11,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":44,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":91,"country_code":"la","country":"Laos","region":"Asia","composite_score":14,"cost":100,"safety":48,"healthcare":0,"education":0,"career":0,"lifestyle":31,"infrastructure":0,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":79.56,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":69.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":66.72,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":61.92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":48,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":65,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":20,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":31,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":76,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":92,"country_code":"bd","country":"Bangladesh","region":"Asia","composite_score":13,"cost":100,"safety":29,"healthcare":0,"education":0,"career":17,"lifestyle":30,"infrastructure":4,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":24,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":83.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":73.4,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":68.08,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":65.92,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":29,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":57,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":21,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":17,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":46,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":66,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":4,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":93,"country_code":"ng","country":"Nigeria","region":"Africa","composite_score":12,"cost":100,"safety":0,"healthcare":0,"education":0,"career":30,"lifestyle":41,"infrastructure":0,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":76.38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":65.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":61.04,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":43,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":40,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":23,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":30,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":52,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":41,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":82,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":38,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":94,"country_code":"pg","country":"Papua New Guinea","region":"Oceania","composite_score":8,"cost":80,"safety":5,"healthcare":0,"education":0,"career":0,"lifestyle":34,"infrastructure":0,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":80,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":42,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":64.86,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":57.2,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":55.14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":50.16,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":5,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":47,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":14,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":34,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":45,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":68,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":62,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":30,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}},{"rank":95,"country_code":"mm","country":"Myanmar","region":"Asia","composite_score":7,"cost":100,"safety":0,"healthcare":0,"education":0,"career":0,"lifestyle":21,"infrastructure":0,"confidence":0.76,"provenance":{"cost":{"score":100,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext composite cost index","value":26,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = cheaper after PPP adjustment"},{"name":"Rent sub-index","value":81.78,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from World Bank GDP/PPP + Numbeo verified rent + national rental registries (Idealista PT/ES, Imovirtual PT)"},{"name":"Grocery sub-index","value":71.6,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Eurostat HICP food basket for Europe; Numbeo + IMF price statistics outside Europe"},{"name":"Utilities sub-index","value":68.28,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"National regulator tariffs + Numbeo user-submitted utility bills"},{"name":"Transport sub-index","value":62.8,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"City-level public transport pass pricing + fuel costs"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_gdp_ppp","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"numbeo_verified","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.numbeo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"eurostat_hicp","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.1,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9+ when both World Bank + Numbeo data available; 0.7 when only one source available; 0.5 when GDP-proxy fallback applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"For countries without Numbeo city coverage, falls back to GDP/PPP ratio as a proxy (weight 0.5) and World Bank GDP per capita (0.5).","measures":"PPP-adjusted cost of living relative to other countries. Higher = cheaper."},"safety":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext safety composite","value":37,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = safer. Combines World Bank WGI (Rule of Law + Political Stability + Control of Corruption + Voice & Accountability), World Bank intentional homicides per 100K, IEP Global Peace Index, and life expectancy proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_homicide","weight":0.22,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"iep_gpi","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.39,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.14,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WGI is the composite of 6 sub-indicators; its presence guarantees confidence ≥0.85. GPI coverage is limited to 163 countries — when missing, weight redistributes to WGI.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Physical safety, political stability, rule of law. Higher = safer."},"healthcare":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext healthcare composite","value":36,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% WHO UHC Service Coverage Index + 30% WHO physician density (per 10K) + 30% World Bank life expectancy at birth"}],"composition":[{"source":"who_uhc","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"who_physician_density","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/medical-doctors-(per-10-000-population)","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_life_expectancy","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"WHO UHC is updated by WHO every 2-3 years; our version matches the most recent publication at lastRetrieved. Missing UHC in 8 countries triggers fallback to physician density + life expectancy only.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Access and quality of health systems. Higher = better."},"education":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext education composite","value":17,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 35% OECD PISA (reading+math+science) + 35% UNESCO school life expectancy + 30% UNESCO tertiary enrolment ratio. Fallback to GDP proxy for non-PISA countries"}],"composition":[{"source":"oecd_pisa","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_school_life_expectancy","weight":0.35,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"unesco_tertiary_enrolment","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.uis.unesco.org","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"0.9 when PISA + UNESCO both present; 0.7 when UNESCO only; 0.5 when GDP proxy applies.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"PISA only covers ~80 countries. Non-PISA countries fall back to UNESCO indicators only, reducing confidence to 0.7. Further fallback to GDP proxy for countries without any UNESCO data (confidence 0.5).","measures":"Access to quality education. Higher = better."},"career":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext career composite","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 30% labour force participation + 30% local purchasing power + 25% inverse unemployment + 15% World Bank regulatory quality (WGI)"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_labor_force","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_unemployment","weight":0.25,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All sources from World Bank, consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85 for all 95 tracked countries.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Economic opportunity and business environment. Higher = better."},"lifestyle":{"score":21,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"Climate comfort sub-input","value":48,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Derived from Open-Meteo historical climate API — temperature deviation from comfort, humidity, precipitation"},{"name":"Language access sub-input","value":32,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"EF English Proficiency Index for 113 countries; WhereNext curated research for remaining"},{"name":"Visa friendliness sub-input","value":58,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Citizenship-adjusted visa accessibility matrix across 9,025 passport × destination pairs"}],"composition":[{"source":"open_meteo","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://open-meteo.com","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"yale_epi","weight":0.2,"source_url":"https://epi.yale.edu","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"ef_epi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://www.ef.com/epi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"wherenext_curated","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://getwherenext.com/methodology","last_retrieved":"2026-04-21"},{"source":"world_bank_wgi","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gini","weight":0.15,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"Most-multi-source dimension. Climate component is always present (Open-Meteo has global coverage). EF EPI absence reduces confidence to 0.75.","country_confidence":0.76,"fallback":"EF EPI only covers 113 countries; when missing, weight redistributes to climate + EPI + WGI.","measures":"Climate, language accessibility, freedom, environment, equality. Higher = better."},"infrastructure":{"score":0,"raw_inputs":[{"name":"WhereNext infrastructure composite","value":34,"unit":"0-100","source_note":"Higher = better. 40% World Bank internet users (% population) + 30% World Bank fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100) + 30% World Bank GDP per capita as development proxy"}],"composition":[{"source":"world_bank_internet","weight":0.4,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_broadband","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"},{"source":"world_bank_gdp_pc","weight":0.3,"source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","last_retrieved":"2026-04-16"}],"method":"weighted_average","confidence_interpretation":"All World Bank sources with consistent coverage. Confidence uniformly ≥0.85.","country_confidence":0.76,"measures":"Digital and physical connectivity. Higher = better."}}}]}